Rodolphus may refer to:

• Rodolphus is a Latin form of the name Rudolf
• Rodolphus Agricola (1443–1485), humanist scholar
• Rodolphus Dickinson (1797–1849), US Representative
• R. Holland Duell (1824–1891), United States Representative from New York
• Rodolphus de Sancto Trudone, Benedictine abbot
• Rodolphus Lestrange, Death Eater from the Harry Potter series

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