| 词条 | Roger Altounyan |
| 释义 |
Roger Edward Collingwood Altounyan (1922–1987) was an Anglo-Armenian physician and pharmacologist who pioneered the use of sodium cromoglycate as a remedy for asthma. His family relocated to the United Kingdom where he studied medicine and started his pioneering research. CareerPharmacological researchStarting with khella, a traditional remedy for asthma, Altounyan discovered in 1965 that khella's active ingredient was khellin. He eventually produced a safer chemical based on khellin, sodium cromoglycate. This was later marketed as Intal by Fisons Pharmaceuticals, which was taken over by Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, who in turn were acquired into Aventis and sanofi-aventis. Prior to the RPR takeover, the R&D element of Fisons was sold to Astra, making it now part of AstraZeneca. Sodium cromoglycate was the first clinically utilised mast cell stabiliser. The mast cell plays a key role in allergic and asthmatic inflammation. Mast cells contain powerful inflammatory mediators which when released lead to inflammation and bronchoconstriction of the airway. Sodium cromoglycate stabilises the mast cell thereby preventing the release of the mediators. The Ambicromil (Probicromil) patent also has his name on it and is from Loughborough, Leicestershire.[1] This is a Benzodipyran structure. War serviceAltounyan joined the Royal Air Force in 1941 and became a flying instructor. He was regarded as an "exceptional" instructor of bomber pilots and in 1943 he was appointed to the staff of a school for flying instructors. He was awarded the Air Force Cross for developing new techniques in night flying.[2] His flying experience is said to be the inspiration for the "spinhaler", a propeller-driven device to deliver sodium cromoglycate deep into the lungs.[3] Swallows and AmazonsDuring his childhood, the Altounyans visited their British grandparents (his grandfather was W. G. Collingwood) in the Lake District where they met the writer Arthur Ransome. Ransome named some of the primary characters in his famous book, Swallows and Amazons, after Altounyan and three of his four sisters; Roger became Roger Walker the ship's boy. Ransome later came and stayed with the family in Aleppo, bringing them a small dinghy to sail, and writing most of Peter Duck there.[4][5] See also
References
1. ^{{Cite patent|DE|2851440}} {{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Altounyan, Roger}}2. ^{{cite book|last=Howell|first=Jack|title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|year=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|chapter=Roger Edward Collingwood Altounyan (1922–1987)|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/39253 }} 3. ^{{cite book|last=Hannaway|first=Paul|title=What To Do When The Doctor Says Its Asthma: Everything You Need to Know About Medicines, Allergies, Food and Exercise to Breathe More Easily Every Day|year=2004|publisher=Fair Winds Press|location=Gloucester, MA|isbn=1-59233-104-1|page=113}} 4. ^{{cite book |first=Arthur |last=Ransome |title=The Autobiography of Arthur Ransome |publisher=Jonathan Cape Ltd |date=1976 |isbn=0224012452}} 5. ^{{cite book| title=The Life of Arthur Ransome |first=Hugh |last=Brogan |date=1992 |orig-year=1984 |publisher=Pimlico |isbn=0712652493}} 13 : 1922 births|1987 deaths|20th-century British medical doctors|Syrian emigrants to the United States|British people of Armenian descent|Ethnic Armenian scientists|British pharmacologists|Recipients of the Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)|Royal Air Force pilots of World War II|Syrian pharmacologists|Syrian Armenians|Syrian Christians|People from Aleppo |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。