| 词条 | Roger L. Easton |
| 释义 |
|name=Roger L. Easton |image=Roger Easton.jpg |image_size=220 |caption=Roger L. Easton at the National Inventors Hall of Fame. Source National Inventors Hall of Fame 2010 |birth_date= April 30, 1921 |birth_place= Craftsbury, Vermont |death_date= {{Death date and age|2014|5|8|1921|4|30}} |death_place= Hanover, New Hampshire |education= Middlebury College (bachelor's degree in physics) |known for=Inventor and designer of the GPS |occupation=Scientist }}Roger Lee Easton, Sr. (April 30, 1921 – May 8, 2014) was an American scientist/physicist who was the principal inventor and designer of the Global Positioning System, along with Ivan A. Getting and Bradford Parkinson.[1] He was born in Craftsbury, Vermont.[2] CareerIn 1955, Easton co-wrote the Naval Research Laboratory's Project Vanguard proposal for a U.S. satellite program in competition with two other proposals, including a proposal from the U.S. Army prepared by Wernher Von Braun. The Eisenhower Administration selected Project Vanguard. In 1957, Easton invented the Minitrack tracking system to determine the Vanguard satellite's orbit. When Sputnik I was launched, Easton extended the system to actively follow unknown orbiting satellites.[1] In 1959, he designed the Naval Space Surveillance (NAVSPASUR) system. The Naval Space Surveillance System became the first system to detect and track all types of Earth-orbiting objects. It goes through the 33rd parallel, which is effectively coast to coast of the US.[1] Later in his career at NRL, Easton conceived, patented, and led the development of essential enabling technologies for the United States Global Positioning System (GPS). During the 1960s and early 1970s he developed a time-based navigational system with passive ranging, circular orbits, and space-borne high precision clocks placed in satellites. The idea was tested with four experimental satellites: TIMATION I and II (in 1967 and 1969) and Navigation Technology Satellites (NTS) 1 and 2 (in 1974 and 1977). NTS-2 was the first satellite to transmit GPS signals.[1] Personal lifeEaston was born in Craftsbury, Vermont, to Dr. Frank B. Easton, a physician, and Della Donnocker, a school teacher. He graduated from Middlebury College in 1943.[3] He also attended the University of Michigan for 1 semester before joining the Naval Research Laboratory in 1943.[4] At the Naval Research Laboratory he worked in the Radio Division on radar beacons and blind-landing systems. Easton also worked in the laboratory's Rocket-Sonde Branch which was dealing with space related research.[1] Easton retired in 1980.[3] In 1986, Easton ran for Governor and served 3 terms on the Board of the New Hampshire Electric Cooperative.[5] Easton died on May 8, 2014, at the age of 93.[6] AwardsGeorge W. Bush awarded Easton the National Medal of Technology for his "extensive pioneering achievements in spacecraft tracking, navigation and timing technology that led to the development of the NAVSTAR-Global Positioning System (GPS)" in 2006.[7][8] The National Medal of Technology is the highest honor awarded for technology.[5]On March 31, 2010, Easton was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame and presented the NIHF Medal of Honor for the development of TIMed navigATION (TIMATION - U.S. Patent 3,789,409) that provided both accurate position and precise time to terrestrial based observers, an important foundation for contemporary Global Positioning Systems.[9] During his career at the Naval Research Laboratory, Easton was awarded:[5]
References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web| title=Mr. Roger L Easton, Sr.| url=http://www.afspc.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-100405-045.pdf| date=October 28, 2013| publisher=Air Force Space Command| deadurl=yes| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029203157/http://www.afspc.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-100405-045.pdf| archivedate=October 29, 2013| df=}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Easton, Roger L.}}2. ^{{cite journal|title=Proceedings of the IEEE|publisher=IEEE|volume=48|p=1–844}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|title=Roger Easton|url=http://invent.org/inductee-detail/?IID=410|work=Inductees|publisher=National Inventors Hall of Fame|accessdate=May 29, 2014}} 4. ^{{cite web|last=Melanson|first=Donald|title=GPS pioneer Roger L. Easton inducted into National Inventors Hall of Fame|url=https://www.engadget.com/2010/04/01/gps-pioneer-roger-l-easton-inducted-into-national-inventors-hal/|accessdate=October 18, 2013}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=President announces Roger Easton recipient of National Medal of Technology|url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-11/nrl-par112205.php|publisher=National Research Laboratory}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vnews.com/news/townbytown/hanover/12050833-95/roger-lee-easton-sr|title=Roger Lee Easton, Sr.|work=Valley News|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530135256/http://www.vnews.com/news/townbytown/hanover/12050833-95/roger-lee-easton-sr|archivedate=May 30, 2014|df=}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nrl.navy.mil/pressRelease.php?Y=2005&R=60-05r|title=Naval Research Laboratory (NRL Press Release 60-05r 12/7/2005): President Announces Roger Easton Recipient of National Medal of Technology|publisher=}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2006/02/images/20060213_d-0308-515h.html|title=President Bush Presents National Medals of Science and Technology|date=February 13, 2006|publisher=}} 9. ^Naval Research Laboratory (NRL Press Release 34-10r 03/31/2010): Father of GPS and Pioneer of Satellite Telemetry and Timing Inducted into National Inventors Hall of Fame 10. ^{{cite web|title=HH Amir patronizes Informatics Award ceremony, prime inventor of GPS honored|url=https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2316425&language=en|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524042954/https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2316425&language=en|archivedate=May 24, 2014|df=}} 8 : 1921 births|2014 deaths|People from Craftsbury, Vermont|American inventors|Global Positioning System|National Medal of Technology recipients|Middlebury College alumni|American scientists |
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