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词条 Romania and the euro
释义

  1. History

  2. Status

  3. Coins design

  4. Public opinion

  5. See also

  6. Notes

  7. References

{{Euro accession map}}Romania is required by its EU accession agreement to replace the current national currency, the Romanian leu, with the euro, as soon as Romania fulfills all of the six nominal euro convergence criteria. The leu is not yet part of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM II), of which minimum two years of stable membership is one of the six nominal convergence criteria to comply with to qualify for euro adoption. The current Romanian government in addition established a self-imposed criteria to reach a certain level of "real convergence", as a steering anchor to decide the appropriate target year for ERM II-membership and euro adoption. As of March 2018, the scheduled date for euro adoption in Romania is 2024, according to Liviu Dragnea, head of the ruling Party of Social Democrats.[1]

History

To simplify future adjustments to ATMs after the adoption of the euro, when the Romanian new leu replaced the old leu in 2005 (at 10,000 old lei to 1 new leu) the new banknotes were the same physical dimensions as euro banknotes, except the 200 lei note, which had no euro size correspondent, and the 500 lei note, which was the same dimension as the €200 note.[2]

In May 2006, it was announced that the Romanian government planned to join the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM), a prerequisite for euro adoption, only after 2012.[3][4] The president of the ECB said in June 2007, that "Romania has a lot of homework to do ... over a number of years" before joining ERM II.[5] The Romanian government announced in December 2009, that they officially planned to join the eurozone by 1 January 2015.[6][7] In April 2011, the Romanian government announced it would strive to comply with the first four convergence criteria by 2013, but would not be ready to join the ERM II before 2013–2014.[8]

EIU analysts suggested in May 2012, that 2016-2017 would be the earliest realistic dates for Romania's adoption of the euro.[9] However, in October 2012, Valentin Lazea, the NBR chief economist, said that "the adherence of Romania to euro currency in 2015 is difficult for Romania". The governor of the National Bank of Romania confirmed in November 2012, that Romania would not meet its previous target of joining the eurozone in 2015. He mentioned that it had been a financial benefit for Romania to not be a part of the euro area during the European debt-crisis, but that the country in the years ahead would strive to comply with all the convergence criteria.[10] Concerns about its workforce productivity were also been cited for the delay.[11]

In April 2013, Romania submitted their annual Convergence Programme to the European Commission, which for the first time did not specify a target date for euro adoption.[12][13] Then Prime Minister Victor Ponta stated that "eurozone entry remains a fundamental objective for Romania but we can't enter poorly prepared", and that 2020 was a more realistic target.[13] In April 2013, the National Bank of Romania submitted draft amendments to the Romanian Constitution to the European Central Bank (ECB) for review. The amendments would make the NBR's statue an organic law to ensure "institutional and functional stability", and would allow for the "transfer of NBR tasks to the ECB and the introduction of the euro as legal tender" using organic law.[14] In 2014, Romania's Convergence Report set a target date of 1 January 2019 for euro adoption.[15][16]

According to the Erste Group Bank, it would be very difficult for Romania to meet this 2019 target, not in regards of complying with the five nominal convergence criteria values, but in regards of reaching some appropriate levels of real convergence (i.e. raising the GDP per capita from 50% to a level above 60% of the EU average) ahead of the euro adoption.[17] The Romanian Central Bank governor, Mugur Isărescu, admitted the target was ambitious, but obtainable if the political parties passed a legal roadmap for the required reforms to be implemented, and clarified this roadmap should lead to Romania entering ERM II only on 1 January 2017 - so that the euro could be adopted after two years of ERM II membership on 1 January 2019.[18] In April 2015, Isărescu stated that the technical requirement for adoption of the euro 1 January 2019 would imply joining ERM II at the latest in the first half of 2016. Ahead of ERM II entry, Isărescu argued, Romania needs to conduct monetary adjustments in form of finalizing the process of bringing minimum reserve requirement ratios in line with eurozone levels (a process envisaged to last between 1 and {{frac|1|1|2}} years) and to complete major economic policy adjustments: removing the sources of repressed inflation (i.e. completion of the energy market deregulation); removing sources of quasi-fiscal deficits (by restructuring loss-making state-owned enterprises); and removing other sources of future budgetary pressures (i.e. the unavoidable expenditures to modernise road infrastructure).[19] Romania's Prime Minister Victor Ponta said in June 2015 that he was open to the idea of holding a referendum on euro adoption.[20]

By April 2015, the Romanian government concluded it was still on track to attain its target for euro adoption in 2019, both in regards of ensuring full compliance with all nominal convergence criteria and in regards of ensuring a prior satisfying degree of "real convergence". The Romanian target for "real convergence" ahead of euro adoption, is for its GDP per capita (in purchasing power standards) to be above 60% of the same average figure for the entire European Union, and according to the latest outlook, this relative figure was now forecast to reach 65% in 2018 and 71% in 2020,[22] after having risen at the same pace from 29% in 2002 to 54% in 2014.[21] Finally, the Romanian government also expressed its commitment fully to join all pillars of the Banking Union, as soon as possible.[22] However, in September 2015 Romania's central bank governor Mugur Isarescu said that the 2019 target was no longer realistic.[23] The new target date was initially the year 2022, as Teodor Meleșcanu, the foreign minister of Romania declared on 28 August 2017 that, as they "meet all formal requirements", Romania "could join the currency union even tomorrow". However, he thought Romania "will adopt the euro in five years, in 2022".[24] In March 2018, members of the ruling PSD voted at an extraordinary congress to back a 2024 target date to adopt the euro currency.

Status

The Maastricht Treaty originally required that all members of the European Union join the euro once certain economic criteria are met. {{As of|May 2018}}, Romania meets 4 of the 7 criteria.

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Coins design

Romanian euro coins have not yet been designed. Romanian law requires that the coat of arms of the country be used on coin designs.[25] In Romanian, the currency is called euro {{IPA-ro|ˈe.uro|}}, and its subunit eurocent {{IPA-ro|e.uroˈt͡ʃent|}}.

Public opinion

Public support for the euro in Romania[
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{{Graph:Chart|width=1000|height=200|type=line|xType=date|xAxisFormat=%m/%Y|x=2004-02-01,2004-10-01,2005-05-01,2005-10-01,2006-03-01,2006-09-01,2007-04-01,2007-09-01,2008-03-01,2008-10-01,2009-06-01,2009-10-01,2010-05-01,2010-11-01,2011-05-01,2011-11-01,2012-05-01,2012-11-01,2013-05-01,2013-11-01,2014-05-01,2014-11-01,2015-05-01,2015-11-01,2016-05-01,2016-11-01,2017-05-01,2017-11-01|y=74,71,74,66,65,70,73,71,72,71,72,71,64,64,65,61,60,56,56,58,63,65,64,63,57,55,60,57}}

See also

{{Portal|Romania}}
  • Enlargement of the eurozone

Notes

{{notes
| notes ={{efn|name=status|{{Kosovo-note}}}}
}}

References

1. ^{{cite web | url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-romania-politics/romanias-ruling-party-congress-votes-to-join-euro-in-2024-idUKKCN1GM0O6 | title = Romania's ruling party congress votes to join euro in 2024 | accessdate = 13 March 2018 | publisher=Reuters | date = 10 March 2018 | language = English}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bnro.ro/Coins-and-notes-in-circulation-1331.aspx|title=Coins and notes in circulation|publisher=The National Bank of Romania|date=|accessdate=25 December 2012}}
3. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.zf.ro/eveniment/isarescu-trecem-la-euro-dupa-2012-3009254/ | title = Isarescu: Trecem la euro dupa 2012 | accessdate = 1 February 2011 | date = 18 May 2006 | language = Romanian}}
4. ^Isarescu: Trecem la euro dupa 2012 | Eveniment | Ziarul Financiar {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080317105403/http://www.zf.ro/articol_84390/isarescu__trecem_la_euro_dupa_2012.html |date=17 March 2008 }}
5. ^{{cite news |title=ECB: Introductory statement with Q&A | url=http://www.ecb.int/press/pressconf/2007/html/is070606.en.html |publisher=ECB |date=6 June 2007 | accessdate=6 January 2009}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cdep.ro/proiecte/2009/700/20/1/raport2010.pdf |format=PDF |title=Raport privind situația macroeconomică |publisher=Government of Romania|accessdate=31 December 2009}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://business-review.ro/news/romania-to-join-the-euro-zone-in-2015-12691/|title=Romania to join the euro zone in 2015|publisher=Business Review|date=1 November 2011}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://business-review.ro/news/update-new-euro-adoption-target-to-be-set-by-the-end-of-the-month-pm/11455/|title=Update: New Euro adoption target to be set by the end of the month, PM|accessdate=7 September 2013|work=Business-review.ro}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.eiumedia.com/index.php/component/k2/item/546|title=The EIU view on Romania joining the Eurozone|date=17 May 2012|accessdate=25 October 2012}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/04/world/europe/resilient-romania-finds-advantage-in-a-crisis.html?pagewanted=1|title=Resilient Romania Finds a Currency Advantage in a Crisis|publisher=The New York Times|date=3 November 2012|accessdate=5 November 2012}}
11. ^{{Cite web|author=Banking News|url=http://www.bankingnews.ro/adoptare-euro.html |title=Croitoru (BNR): Adoptarea monedei euro, un orizont indepartat|date=22 June 2012|accessdate=22 July 2012}}
12. ^{{citeweb|url=http://ec.europa.eu/europe2020/pdf/nd/cp2013_romania_en.pdf|title=Government of Romania - Convergence Programme - 2013-2016|date=April 2013|publisher=Government of Romania}}
13. ^1 {{citeweb|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/financialcrisis/10002050/Romania-abandons-target-date-for-joining-euro.html|title=Romania abandons target date for joining euro|date=18 April 2013|accessdate=1 May 2013|publisher=The Daily Telegraph|last=Trotman|first=Andrew}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ecb.europa.eu/ecb/legal/pdf/en_con_2013_31_f_sign.pdf|title=Opinion of the European Central Bank of 7 May 2013: On strengthening Banca Naţională a României's institutional role and independence (CON/2013/31)|publisher=ECB|date=7 May 2013|accessdate=11 May 2013}}
15. ^{{citeweb|url=http://ec.europa.eu/europe2020/pdf/csr2014/cp2014_romania_ro.pdf|title=Guvernul Romaniei - Programul de convergenta - 2014-2017|date=April 2014|accessdate=14 May 2014|publisher=Government of Romania}}
16. ^{{citenews|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-05-06/romania-sets-2019-as-target-date-to-join-euro-area-voinea-says.html|title=Romania Sets 2019 as Target Date to Join Euro Area, Voinea Says|date=6 May 2014|accessdate=14 May 2014|publisher=Bloomberg}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wall-street.ro/articol/Economie/166152/erste-romania-in-zona-euro-in-2019-un-obiectiv-foarte-ambitios-realist-ar-fi-dupa-2021.html|title=Erste: Romania in zona euro in 2019, un obiectiv „foarte ambitios”. Realist ar fi dupa 2021. |trans-title=Erste: Romania in the eurozone in 2019, a "very ambitious" goal. Realistically it would be after 2021.|language=Romanian|publisher=Wall-Street Romania|date=19 May 2014}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://business-review.eu/featured/isarescu-romania-needs-law-to-enforce-2019-euro-adoption-target-68724|title=Isarescu: Romania needs law to enforce 2019 Euro-adoption target|publisher=Business Review|date=19 August 2014}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bnr.ro/Opening-speech-delivered-at-the-2015-COFACE-Country-Risk-Conference-12253.aspx|title=Opening speech delivered at the 2015 COFACE Country Risk Conference (Mugur Isărescu)|publisher=Banca Naţională a României|date=29 April 2015}}
20. ^{{citeweb|url=http://www.nineoclock.ro/pm-ponta-referendum-on-euro-adoption-possible-in-2017-2018/|title=Victor Ponta: Un referendum, înainte de a intra efectiv în zona euro, ar fi o măsură democratică|date=2 June 2015|accessdate=26 August 2015|first=Carmen|last=Vintilă}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?query=BOOKMARK_DS-053404_QID_3F4549E6_UID_-3F171EB0&layout=TIME,C,X,0;GEO,L,Y,0;INDIC_NA,L,Z,0;AGGREG95,L,Z,1;INDICATORS,C,Z,2;&zSelection=DS-053404INDIC_NA,VI_PPS_EU28_HAB;DS-053404AGGREG95,00;DS-053404INDICATORS,OBS_FLAG;&rankName1=INDICATORS_1_2_-1_2&rankName2=AGGREG95_1_2_-1_2&rankName3=INDIC-NA_1_2_-1_2&rankName4=TIME_1_0_0_0&rankName5=GEO_1_2_0_1&sortC=ASC_-1_FIRST&rStp=&cStp=&rDCh=&cDCh=&rDM=true&cDM=true&footnes=false&empty=false&wai=false&time_mode=ROLLING&time_most_recent=true&lang=EN&cfo=%23%23%23%2C%23%23%23.%23%23%23|title=Purchasing power parities (PPPs), price level indices and real expenditures for ESA2010 aggregates: GDP Volume indices of real expenditure per capita in PPS (EU28=100)|publisher=Eurostat|date=16 June 2015}}
22. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/europe2020/pdf/csr2015/cp2015_romania_en.pdf|title=Government of Romania Convergence Programme 2015-2018|publisher=Government of Romania|date=April 2015}}
23. ^{{cite web | url=https://euobserver.com/tickers/130506 | title = Central Bank: Romania 2019 euro membership 'not feasible' | accessdate = 30 December 2015 | publisher=EUObserver | date = 30 September 2015 | language = English}}
24. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/08/28/reuters-america-romania-may-join-euro-zone-in-2022-says-foreign-minister--report.html | title = Romania may join euro zone in 2022, says foreign minister - report | accessdate = 28 August 2017 | publisher=CNBC | date = 28 August 2017 | language = English}}
25. ^Chamber of Deputies of Romania, Law No. 102/September 21, 1992 regarding the Country Coat of Arms and the State Seal, Article 4
26. ^http://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/index.cfm/Survey/index#p=1&instruments=STANDARD&yearFrom=1999&yearTo=2017
{{Euro topics}}{{Historical currencies of Romania}}

4 : Economy of Romania|Euro by country|Romania and the European Union|Currencies of Romania
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