“Rondavel”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

A rondavel (from the Afrikaans word rondawel) is a Westernised version of an African-style hut.^[1]

Description

The rondavel is usually round or oval in shape and is traditionally made with materials that can be locally found in raw form.^[2] Its walls are often constructed from stones. The mortar may consist of sand, soil, or combinations of these, mixed with cow dung. The floor of a traditional rondavel is finished with a dung mixture to make it hard and smooth. The main roofing elements of a rondavel are spars or poles taken from tree limbs, which have been harvested and cut to length. The roof covering is of thatch that is sewn to the poles with grass rope. The process of completing the thatch can take as little as one weekend or up to a year if made by a skilled artisan, as it must be sewn in one section at a time, starting from the bottom working towards the top. As each section is sewn, it may be weathered and aged to form a complete weatherproof seal.

Regional variations

Rondavels can be found in the countries of Southern Africa,^[3] including: South Africa, Lesotho (where the hut is also known as a mokhoro), Swaziland, Botswana, and others. In Réunion they exist only in public places, for picnics for example. In different areas, there are small local variations in wall height, roof pitch and general finish. Some people elaborately carve, paint, or decorate the outside wall that has been finished off with dung. In other places, people leave their rondavels undecorated.

Developments in construction techniques

In recent times, with the availability of modern construction materials, the appearance and construction of rondavels has changed. They may have concrete foundations, be built with cement blocks or brick, mortared with cement, and/or roofed with corrugated tin. While the traditional rondavel did not have running water, electricity, and/or other modern amenities, many are now equipped with, or have been adapted to accommodate these services.

Today complete homes built in the rondavel architecture are common, and rondavels are fairly popular as outbuildings on smallholdings and commercial farms (e.g. toolsheds, milk rooms, staff accommodation, etc.). Rondavels are also quite common as holiday cottages. Apart from pre-fabricated rondavels, the roofing material is nearly always thatch, because it is difficult to make a neat conical roof out of other materials.

Structurally, no internal struts are required. The principals (wooden poles running radially out from the apex of the roof to the top of the rondavel's wall) are fully supported by the circular purlins: First, the principals do not sag in the middle, because sagging only puts the purlins near the middle of the principals under compression. Second, the principals do not splay at the bottom (push the top of the walls over to the outside) because splaying only puts the purlins near the bottom of the principals under tension. Thus it is possible to build a large rondavel without internal bracing for the roof. Traditional African rondavels range in size depending on the availability of building and construction materials.

Gallery

See also

References

1. ^{{cite book | author = Allen G Noble | title = Traditional Buildings: A Global Survey of Structural Forms and Cultural |publisher = IB Tauris | year = 2007 | page = 160}}
2. ^{{cite book |author1=Spyer, Patricia |author2=Tilley, Christopher Y |author3=Keane, Webb |author4=Susanne Kuechler-Fogden |author5=Mike Rowlands | title = Handbook of Material Culture | publisher = Sage Publications | location = London | year = 2006 | pages = 407–8 | isbn = 1-4129-0039-5 | oclc = | doi = }}
3. ^{{cite book | author = Eric Rosenthal | title = Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa | publisher = F Warne. Original from the University of Michigan | location = South Africa | year = 1961 | isbn = 1-84511-305-5 | page = 35}}

External links