“Ronga language”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Ronga language

释义

Writing
Grammar
Literature
References

{{Infobox language
|name=Ronga
|states=Mozambique, South Africa
|region=South of Maputo
|speakers={{sigfig|722,000|2}}
|date=2006
|ref=e18
|familycolor=Niger-Congo
|fam2=Atlantic–Congo
|fam3=Benue–Congo
|fam4=Southern Bantoid
|fam5=Bantu
|fam6=Southern Bantu
|fam7=Tswa–Ronga?
|iso3=rng
|glotto=rong1268
|glottorefname=Ronga
|guthrie=S.54
|lingua=99-AUT-dd
incl. varieties
99-AUT-dda...-dde
|notice=IPA
}}

Ronga (XiRonga; sometimes ShiRonga or GiRonga) is a south-eastern Bantu language in the Tswa–Ronga family spoken just south of Maputo in Mozambique. It extends a little into South Africa. It has about 650,000 speakers in Mozambique and a further 90,000 in South Africa, with dialects including Konde, Putru and Kalanga.

The Swiss philologist Henri Alexandre Junod seems to have been the first linguist to have studied it, in the late 19th century.

Writing

Its alphabet is based on that of Tsonga as provided by Methodist missionaries and Portuguese settlers.

Methodist alphabet
Letter:	A	B	C	D	E	G	H	I	J	K	L	M	N	Ṅ	O	P	R	S	Ŝ	T	U	V	W	X	Y	Z	Ẑ
Value:	a}}	b}}~{{IPA\|β}}	tʃ}}	d}}	e}}~{{IPA\|ɛ}}	ɡ}}	h}}	i}}	dʒ}}	k}}	l}}	m}}	n}}	ŋ}}	ɔ}}~{{IPA\|o}}	p}}	r}}	s}}	ʂ}}	t}}	u}}	v}}	w}}	ʃ}}	j}}	z}}	ʐ}}

1989 alphabet^[1]
Letter	A	B	By	Ch	D	E	G	H	Hl	I	J	K	L	Lh	M	N	Nʼ	O	P	Ps	R	S	Sv	Sw	T	U	V	Vh	W	X	Xj	Y	Z	Zv	Zw
Value	a}}	b}}~{{IPA\|β}}	b͡ʐ}}	tʃ}}	d}}	e}}~{{IPA\|ɛ}}	ɡ}}	h}}	ɸ}}	i}}	dʒ}}	k}}	l}}	ʎ}}	m}}	n}}	ŋ}}	ɔ}}~{{IPA\|o}}	p}}	p͡ʂ}}	r}}	s}}	ʂ}}	sʷ}}	t}}	u}}	ʋ}}	v}}	w}}	ʃ}}	ʒ}}	j}}	z}}	ʐ}}	zʷ}}

Grammar

Ronga is grammatically so close to Tsonga in many ways that census officials often consider it a dialect; its noun class system is very similar and its verbal forms are almost identical. Its most immediately noticeable difference is a much greater influence from Portuguese, due to being centred near the capital Maputo (formerly Lourenço Marques).

Literature

The first book to be published in Ronga was the Gospel of John translated mainly by Henri Berthoud from the Swiss Romande Mission. It was published by the British and Foreign Bible Society in 1896. Further translation was done by Pierre Loze from Mission Romande (Swiss Romande Mission) and H.L. Bishop (Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society), assisted by Jeremia Caetano and Efraim Hely. The New Testament was published in 1903, and the whole Bible was published by the British and Foreign Bible Society in 1923.

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bisharat.net/A12N/MozaSource.htm|title=Table from 'I Seminario sobre a Padronizacão da Ortografia de Línguas Moçambicanas' |author=|date=|website=www.bisharat.net}}

3 : Languages of Mozambique|Tswa-Ronga languages|Click languages

随便看

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。