| 词条 | Ron Unz |
| 释义 |
|name=Ron Unz |birth_name=Ron Keeva Unz |birth_date={{birth date and age|1961|9|20}} |birth_place=North Hollywood, California, United States |alma_mater=Harvard University University of Cambridge |party=Republican |occupation=Businessman, political activist, writer }}Ron Keeva Unz (born September 20, 1961) is an American former businessman, best known for an unsuccessful race in the California gubernatorial election, 1994, and for sponsoring propositions promoting structured English immersion education. He was publisher of The American Conservative from March 2007 to August 2013. He now publishes The Unz Review: An Alternative Media Selection: A Collection of Interesting, Important, and Controversial Perspectives Largely Excluded from the American Mainstream Media.[1] Early life and careerOf Jewish descent and raised in a Yiddish speaking household,[2] Unz attended North Hollywood High School and, in his senior year, won first place in the 1979 Westinghouse Science Talent Search.[3] He attended Harvard University, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in physics and ancient history.[4] He then went to the University of Cambridge and eventually to Stanford University to begin doctoral work in theoretical physics, which he never completed. He was later awarded a master's degree by Stanford.[5][6] Unz worked in the banking industry writing software for mortgage securities during his studies, and founded a company called Wall Street Analytics in Palo Alto, California. In 2006 his company was acquired by the ratings firm Moody's.[7] Political careerUnz made an unsuccessful bid for the Republican nomination in the California gubernatorial election, 1994. He received 707,431 votes (34.3 percent) in the primary race against the incumbent Pete Wilson, who won the primary with 1,266,832 votes (61.4 percent).[8] Newspapers referred to Unz's candidacy as a Revenge of the Nerds and often quoted his claim of a 214 IQ.[9][10][11][12] In 1994, he was opposed to California Proposition 187, a 1994 ballot initiative to establish a state-run citizenship screening system and prohibit undocumented immigrants from using non-emergency health care, public education, and other services in the State of California.[13] During his gubernatorial campaign, Unz was a featured speaker at a 70,000 person anti-Prop. 187 rally held in Los Angeles, which he claims was "the largest pro-immigrant protest in American history." Unz helped organize this event with the assistance of future California Senate President Kevin de Leon.[14] In 1998, Unz sponsored California Proposition 227, which aimed to change the state's bilingual education to an opt-in structured English language educational system and which was approved by the voters[15] despite opposition from language education researchers.[16] Proposition 227 did not seek to end bilingual education, as special exemptions were made for students to remain in an English immersion class if a parent so desires. However, there were limits (such as age restrictions) for the exemptions, and there were provisions to discipline teachers that refused to teach solely or predominantly in English.[17] Proposition 227 was approved in June 1998; it was repealed by Proposition 58 in November 2016. In 2002, Unz backed a similar initiative, the Massachusetts English Language Education in Public Schools Initiative,[18] which was approved by voters. The book English for the Children: Mandated by the People, Skewed by Politicians and Special Interests by Johanna Haver (Rowman & Littlefield Education, 2013) recounts the controversies and political action resulting from Unz's California and subsequent ballot initiatives: Arizona Proposition 203, Colorado Amendment 31, and Massachusetts Question 2. In 2012 and 2014, Unz worked on a ballot initiative to raise the Californian minimum wage from $10 to $12, but his campaign failed.[19][20] His proposal was supported by James K. Galbraith.[19] In 2016, Unz started "Free Harvard, Fair Harvard" campaign, centered on the Harvard Board of Overseers. Its slate of candidates was Unz, Lee Cheng, Stuart Taylor, Jr., Stephen Hsu, and Ralph Nader. The campaign sought for tuition fees at Harvard to be abolished and for greater transparency in the admissions process.[21][22] Unz also started a 2016 campaign for U.S. Senate in California, primarily to bring attention to the effort to repeal Proposition 227.[23][24] The Unz Review and other activitiesIn November 2013, Unz launched the website, The Unz Review, a blogging platform which "bills itself as an 'alternative' to the 'mainstream media'".[25] Contributors include left-wing writers, such as Patrick Cockburn, Norman Finkelstein, Diane Johnstone, and James Petras (largely republished from CounterPunch), right-wing bloggers such as Pat Buchanan, Paul Gottfried, Steve Sailer and John Derbyshire, and libertarian writers such as Ron Paul, Andrew Napolitano, Ilana Mercer, and Philip Giraldi. According to the Anti-Defamation League, the webzine is an "outlet for certain writers to attack Israel and Jews". More generally, according to the ADL, while Unz "does not appear to be an anti-Semite, he provides support to extreme anti-Israel ideologues".[26] It has also been described as "an alternative conservative website",[28] "far right",[27] "alt-right" and "a mix of far-right and far-left anti-Semitic crackpottery".[28] Unz has donated tens of thousands of dollars to the far-right website VDARE, claiming that he supports them because they are "mostly broke and they write interesting things."[29][30] In 2017, he was a keynote speaker at VDARE's first national conference.[31] In 2017, The Unz Review received public attention when former CIA operative Valerie Plame Wilson was criticized after tweeting an article by a columnist, counter-terrorism specialist Philip Giraldi, titled "America's Jews Are Driving America's Wars-Shouldn't they recuse themselves when dealing with the Middle East?" published in the webzine.[32][33]As a result, Giraldi was suspended from writing articles for The American Conservative, which he explained in another Unz Review column.[34] In July 2018, Unz wrote, as part of his American Pravda series, a column titled "The Bolshevik Revolution and Its Aftermath" and cited the conspiracy tract The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, saying "From my distance of many decades, the text of the Protocols struck me as rather bland and even dull. ... I actually found the discussion of the Protocols ... far more interesting and informative than reading the text itself."[35] This was criticized by the Anti-Defamation League as using the Review "to promote the blood libel against Jews".[36] In August 2018, Unz denied the Holocaust, writing "I think it far more likely than not that the standard Holocaust narrative is at least substantially false, and quite possibly, almost entirely so."[37][36] References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unz.com/|title=The Unz Review|publisher=unz.com|accessdate=May 21, 2016}} 2. ^{{cite news |last1=Hornblower |first1=Margot |title=The Man Behind Prop. 227 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1998/06/01/time/prop.277.html |accessdate=9 June 2018 |work=CNN |date=1998-06-08}} 3. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.laweekly.com/news/being-ron-unz-2131367|first=Douglas|title=Being Ron Unz|last=Foster|work=LA Weekly|date=November 24, 1999}} 4. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.onenation.org/0698/061498.html|first=Frank|title=The California Entrepreneur who Beat Bilingual Teaching|last=Bruni|work=The New York Times|date=June 14, 1998}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ronunz.org/summary-biography|title=Summary Biography of Ron Unz|publisher=}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.onenation.org/unz.html|title=English for the Children|publisher=}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wsainc.com/news/wsa/?news_id=16|title=Moody’s Corporation Acquires Wall Street Analytics|date=December 18, 2006|work=MWSA News|publisher=Moody’s Corporation|accessdate=14 September 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028152111/http://www.wsainc.com/news/wsa/?news_id=16|archivedate=2007-10-28}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://vote96.sos.ca.gov/Vote96/html/stats/SOVp94.htm|title=1994 Statement of Vote|publisher=California Secretary of State|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222153313/http://vote96.sos.ca.gov/Vote96/html/stats/SOVp94.htm|archivedate=2008-12-22|df=}} 9. ^Phil Reeves, [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/nerds-seek-revenge-in-californian-poll-apathy-marks-the-run-up-to-the-contest-for-governor-writes-phil-reeves-in-los-angeles-1436526.html "'Nerds' seek revenge in Californian poll: Apathy marks the run up to the contest for governor"], The Independent (Los Angeles), May 17, 1994 10. ^Amy Wallace, Unlikely Path Led to Wilson Foe's Far-Right Challenge - Politics: A computer 'genius' with a passion for Greek philosophy, Ron Unz has set out to jolt the GOP. May 8, 1994 Los Angeles Times 11. ^Margot Hornblower, "The Man Behind Prop. 227", By Frank Bruni, Time.com, June 8, 1998 12. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/14/us/the-california-entrepreneur-who-beat-bilingual-teaching.html?partner=rssnyt&emc=rss&pagewanted=all The California Entrepreneur who Beat Bilingual Teaching], New York Times June 14, 1998. 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.onenation.org/9907/071999.html|title=Ron Unz's Improbable Assault on the Powers That Be in California |accessdate=April 9, 2009|author=Matthew Miller|date=July 19, 1999|publisher=New Republic}} 14. ^https://www.unz.com/runz/racial-politics-in-america-and-in-california/ 15. ^Arguments in favor of 1998 California Ballot Proposition 227 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www-rcf.usc.edu/~cmmr/krashen_unzFeb9.html|title=CMMR: Notes by Steve Krashen on the Unz Attack|publisher=}} 17. ^{{cite book | last = Crawford | first = James | title = At War with Diversity | publisher = Multilingual Matters | location = Clevedon | year = 2000 | isbn = 1-85359-505-5 }} 18. ^{{cite news |url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston-sub/doc/405491785.html |title=HEATED BATTLE OVER ENGLISH IMMERSION INTENSIFIES |newspaper=The Boston Globe |page=B.6 |last=Tench |first=Megan |date=November 3, 2002 |accessdate=March 10, 2018 |url-access=limited |via=pqarchiver.com}} 19. ^1 {{cite news |last1=Patterson |first1=Robert |title=The Missing Plank of the GOP Platform: |url=http://familyinamerica.org/journals/fall-2012/missing-plank-gop-platform/ |accessdate=16 June 2018 |publisher=The Natural Family}} 20. ^{{cite news|last1=Abramsky|first1=Sasha|title=What If the Minimum Wage Were $15 an Hour?|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/what-if-minimum-wage-were-15-hour/|accessdate=29 May 2018|publisher=The Nation|date=8 April 2014}} 21. ^{{cite news |last=Saul |first=Stephanie |date=14 January 2016 |title=How Some Would Level the Playing Field: Free Harvard Degrees |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/15/us/a-push-to-make-harvard-free-also-questions-the-role-of-race-in-admissions.html |newspaper=New York Times |location= |access-date= }} 22. ^{{cite news |last=Adamczyk |first=Alicia |date=15 January 2016 |title=Group Says Harvard Tuition Should Be Free for All Students |url=http://time.com/money/4182336/harvard-free-tuition-endowment/ |newspaper=Time |location= |access-date= }} 23. ^{{cite news |last=Blood |first=Michael |date=16 March 2016 |title=Republican Ron Unz joins race for Boxer’s US Senate seat |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/mar/16/republican-ron-unz-joins-race-for-boxers-us-senate/ |newspaper=Washington Times |location= |access-date= }} 24. ^{{cite news |last=McGreevy |first=Patrick |date=30 April 2014 |title=Calif. Senate panel advances bill to restore bilingual education |url=http://www.latimes.com/local/political/la-me-pc-calif-senate-panel-advances-bill-to-restore-bilingual-education-20140430-story.html |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |location= |access-date= }} 25. ^{{cite news|url=http://thehill.com/policy/international/middle-east-north-africa/351745-valerie-plame-tweets-story-blaming-americas|newspaper=The Hill|accessdate=November 7, 2017|date=September 21, 2017|title=Valerie Plame tweets story blaming 'America's Jews' for foreign wars|first=Mallory|last=Shelbourne}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.adl.org/news/article/ron-unz-controversial-writer-and-funder-of-anti-israel-activists|accessdate=June 13, 2018|date=January 20, 2014|title=Ron Unz: Controversial Writer and Funder of Anti-israel Activists|publisher=Anti-Defamation League}} 27. ^{{cite news|title=Why white supremacists are chugging milk |website=SBS News |date=18 October 2018 |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/why-white-supremacists-are-chugging-milk |access-date=30 November 2018}} 28. ^{{cite web |last=Young |first=Cathy |title=You Can’t Whitewash The Alt-Right’s Bigotry |website=The Federalist |date=14 April 2016 |url=http://thefederalist.com/2016/04/14/you-cant-whitewash-the-alt-rights-bigotry/ |access-date=30 November 2018}} 29. ^{{cite news |last1=Duehren |first1=Andrew M |last2=Thompson |first2=Daphne C |title=Overseers Candidate Donates to ‘Quasi-White Nationalist’ Group |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2016/4/14/ron-unz-donations/ |accessdate=5 June 2018 |work=The Harvard Crimson |date=2016-04-16}} 30. ^{{cite news|last=Krantz |first=Laura |title=Leader of bid to shake up Harvard board linked to white-supremacist writers |website=Boston Globe |date=16 April 2016 |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/04/16/leader-bid-shake-harvard-board-linked-white-supremacist-writers/3YGidncAQoAINn64eXbevI/story.html |access-date=30 November 2018}} 31. ^{{cite web |title=White Nationalists To Gather This March for VDARE’s First National Conference |publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center |date=23 January 2017 |url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/01/23/white-nationalists-gather-march-vdare%E2%80%99s-first-national-conference |access-date=30 November 2018}} 32. ^http://www.unz.com/pgiraldi/americas-jews-are-driving-americas-wars/ 33. ^1 {{cite news|last=Tatum |first=Sophie |title=Ex-CIA operative apologizes for tweet |publisher=CNN |date=22 September 2017 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/09/21/politics/valerie-plame-wilson-tweet/index.html |access-date=30 November 2018}} 34. ^http://www.unz.com/pgiraldi/how-i-got-fired/ 35. ^http://www.unz.com/runz/american-pravda-the-bolshevik-revolution-and-its-aftermath/ 36. ^1 {{cite web |title=California Entrepreneur Ron Unz Launches a Series of Rhetorical Attacks on Jews - Anti-Defamation League |website=Anti-Defamation League |date=4 October 2018 |url=https://www.adl.org/blog/california-entrepreneur-ron-unz-launches-a-series-of-rhetorical-attacks-on-jews |access-date=30 November 2018}} 37. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.unz.com/runz/american-pravda-holocaust-denial/ |last=Unz |first=Ron |website=The Unz Review |access-date=November 1, 2018 |title="American Pravda: Holocaust Denial" |archive-url=https://archive.is/11O73 |archive-date=August 31, 2018 |dead-url=no}} Further reading
External links
12 : 1961 births|Living people|English-only movement in the United States|Harvard University alumni|Stanford University alumni|American computer businesspeople|California Republicans|American Jews|People from the Greater Los Angeles Area|Writers from Palo Alto, California|Summer Science Program|American Holocaust deniers |
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