| 词条 | Rooster tail |
| 释义 |
A rooster tail is a term used in fluid dynamics, automotive gear shifting, and meteorology. In fluid dynamics, it lies directly in the wake of an object traveling within a fluid, and is accompanied by a vertical protrusion. If it occurs in a river, boaters upstream steer clear of their appearance. The degree of their formation can indicate the efficiency of a boat's hull design. The magnitude of these features in a boat increases with speed, while the relationship is inversely proportional for airplanes. Energetic volcanic eruptions can create rooster tail formations from their ejecta. They can form in relation to coronal loops near the sun's surface. In gear shifting, it is the relation between the coefficient of friction and the sliding speed of the clutch. Cars can throw rooster tails in their wake and loose materials are under its wheels. In meteorology, a rooster tail satellite pattern can be applied to either low or high level cloudiness, with the low cloud line seen in the wake of tropical cyclones and the high cloud pattern seen either within mare's tails or within the outflow jet of tropical cyclones. In fluid dynamicsRooster tails are caused by constructive interference near and to the wake of objects within a flowing fluid.[1] Related to waterA fast current of water flowing over a rock near the surface of a stream or river can create a rooster tail—such commotion at the water's surface are avoided by boaters due to the near surface obstruction.[1] Propellers on boats can produce a rooster tail of water in their wake, in the form of a fountain which shoots into the air behind the boat.[2] The faster a boat goes, the larger the rooster tails become.[4] The efficiency of a boat's hull design can be determined by the magnitude of the rooster tail—larger rooster tails indicate less efficient designs.[3] If a water skier is in tow, the skis also throw off a rooster tail.[4] Airplanes lifting off from a lake produce lengthening rooster tails behind their amphibious floats with speed until the plane lifts off the surface.[5] Related to airAirplanes leave rooster tails in its wake in the form of two circulations of the tip of its wings. As the plane speeds up, the rooster tails become smaller.[6] Related to rockIn low gravity and dusty environments, such as the Moon, they can be created by the wheels of moving vehicles.[7] A special energetic volcanic eruption known as a strombolian eruption produces bright arcs of ejecta, referred to as rooster tails, composed of basaltic cinders or volcanic ash.[8] Near the sun{{See also|Coronal loop}}Coronal loops are the basic structures of the magnetic solar corona, the bright area seen around the sun during solar eclipses. These loops are the closed-magnetic flux cousins of the open-magnetic flux that can be found in coronal hole (polar) regions and the solar wind. Loops of magnetic flux well-up from the solar body and fill with hot solar plasma.[9] Due to the heightened magnetic activity in these coronal loop regions, coronal loops can often be the precursor to solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Emerging magnetic flux within coronal loops can cause a rooster tail.[10] In relation to carsThe curve describing the relationship between the coefficient of friction and sliding speed of the clutch in manual transmission automobiles on a graph is known as a rooster tail characteristic.[11] Formations can occur when a car's motor revs up over puddles, loose soil, or mud.[12] {{clear}}In meteorologyRooster tails have been mentioned in weather satellite interpretation since 2003 connected with tropical cyclones. In the low cloud field, it represents a convergence zone on the westward extent of the Saharan Air Layer seen on the backside of tropical cyclones gaining latitude. If there are two systems, the more poleward systems strengthens while the more equatorward system weakens within an area with downward motion in the mid-levels of the troposphere.[13] This description has also been used with high cloudiness spreading in a narrow channel equatorward within the outflow jet of a tropical cyclone, such as Hurricane Felix (1995).[14] Mare's tail patterns within cirrus clouds are occasionally referred to by this term due to their appearance. {{clear}}References1. ^1 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9c2k5TFyKGIC&pg=PA79|title=Performance Kayaking|author=Stephen B. U'ren|publisher=Stackpole Books|date=1990|page=79|isbn=978-0-8117-2299-5}} 2. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=99S2Knonu8gC&pg=PP5|page=7|title=Hydroplanes|author=Hans Hetrick|date=2011|publisher=Capstone Press|isbn=978-1-4296-4753-3}} 3. ^{{cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TcLXiuTfijIC&pg=RA1-PA24|page=24|title=The 6 Big Secrets of Bertram Performance|journal=Popular Boating|editor=Robert W. Carrick|date=August 1963|volume=14|number=2}} 4. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8B02AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA48|title=WaterSki Magazine's 1987 Boat Buyer's Guide|publisher=World Publications|page=40|date=January 1987|author=Ed Brazil}} 5. ^{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vAhbDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT18|author=Daryl DiMaggio, Sr.|title=Swamp Eagles|date=March 25, 2012|isbn=978-1-62675-988-6|chapter=3|page=18}} 6. ^1 {{cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lk5-0qXw-AkC&pg=PA42|journal=Flying Magazine|date=September 1980|page=42|author=Peter Garrison|volume=107|number=3|title=Clean Machines}} 7. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=880xCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT166|title=Shooting the Moon|author=Brian Willems|date=2015|publisher=Zero Books|isbn=978-1-78279-847-7}} 8. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TwpueN_Hci4C&pg=PA175|title=Out of the Crater: Chronicles of a Volcanologist|journal=Earth-Science Reviews|volume=48|issue=4|author=Richard V. Fisher|date=1999|page=175|isbn=978-0-691-07017-9|bibcode=1999ESRv...48..283.|doi=10.1016/S0012-8252(99)00062-8}} 9. ^{{cite journal|doi = 10.1086/427488|last1 = Katsukawa|first1 = Yukio|last2 = Tsuneta|first2 = Saku | title = Magnetic Properties at Footpoints of Hot and Cool Loops | journal = The Astrophysical Journal | volume = 621 |issue = 1| pages = 498–511 | year = 2005 | bibcode=2005ApJ...621..498K}} 10. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wJ6xmA-ZpegC&pg=PA40|title=Multi-wavelength Observations of Coronal Structure and Dynamics: Contageous Coronal Heating From Recurring Emergence of Magnetic Flux|pages=39–40|author=R. L. Moore, D. A. Falconer, and A. C. Sterling|date=January 20–24, 2002|publisher=Elsevier Science, Limited|isbn=978-0-08-044060-6}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y5YxfPWrUgwC&pg=PA124|page=124|title=Symposium of Automative Lubricants|date=October 1–3, 1962|publisher=American Society For Testing and Materials|author=A. K. Watt and R. J. Duckworth}} 12. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LnhBgMb5MnYC&pg=PA323|author=Mark Plimsoll|title=WMD Machete|date=1976–2016|publisher=Mark Plimsoll LLC|isbn=978-0-9767795-4-4|page=323}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/HFP2003/HFP2003.pdf|page=53|author=Peter Dodge, Peter Black, Shirley Murillo, Neal Dorst, Howard Friedman, and Michael Black|title=2003 Hurricane Field Program Plan|publisher=Hurricane Research Division|date=|accessdate=2017-07-14}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=https://goes.gsfc.nasa.gov/text/goes8results.html|title=GOES-8 Results|date=June 18, 2004|author=Goddard Space Flight Center|publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration|accessdate=2017-07-15}} 3 : Fluid dynamics|Plasma physics|Tropical cyclone meteorology |
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