“Rossiya Bank”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Rossiya Bank (Bank Rossiya, in Russian: Акционерный коммерческий банк Россия, АКБ Россия) is a Russian joint stock bank founded on June 27, 1990. The company's headquarters are in Saint Petersburg.

History

In 1990, the CPSU committee of the Leningrad Oblast became its largest shareholder (48.4%),^[2] but after the coup attempt in August 1991 the bank's activity was frozen as it was CPSU-related.^[3]

In December 1991 its activity was resumed, as the shares had been redeemed by some member ventures of the Leningrad Association of Joint Ventures, shares of which were held by Vladimir Yakunin, Yuriy Kovalchuk, Mikhail Markov, Viktor Myachin, Andrei Fursenko, Sergey Fursenko, Yury Nikolayev.^[3]

From 1998 to 2000 OCG Organized Crime Gang Tambov Gang leaders Gennady Petrov and Sergei Kuzmin each owned 2.2% of bank shares, and they were represented at meetings by Andrei Shumkov, who sat on the Bank's board of directors from 1998 to 2000 (as the Vedomosti business newspaper reported). In 1998 and 1999, 14.2% of Rossia's stock belonged to the St Petersburg firms Ergen, Forward Ltd and Fuel Investment Company (TIK), all associated with Mr Shumkov. Mr Shumkov and Mr Kuzmin owned Ergen, while BKhM and Finance Petroleum Company, both affiliated with Mr Kuzmin and Mr Petrov, were TIK co-owners.^[4]

As of January 1, 2005, its major shareholders were Yuriy Kovalchuk with 37.6%, Nikolai Shamalov with 9.7%, Dmitry Gorelov with 9.7% and the Severstal group with 8.8%.^[2]^[3]

As of 2006, its major shareholders were Yuriy Kovalchuk (30.4%), Dmitry Gorelov (12.58%), Nikolay Shamalov (12.58%), JSC Transoil CIS (9.54%), JSC Severstal Group (7.15%), JSC Accept (3.93%) – owned by grandson of Vladimir Putin's uncle Michael Shelomov,^[5] JSC Relax (3.65%), "Assistance to Business Initiatives" Non-Commercial Enterprise (3.08%), Russian Federal Property Fund (2.93%).^[6]

On December 28, 2006, Fitch Ratings assigned the bank negative ratings (Long Term issuer Default rating B-, Short Term rating B, National Long Term rating BB- (RUS)^[7]). As a subsidiary of the bank, ABRos Investment Company, had signed a non-transparent deal aiming to buy a considerable share of the Ren TV Media Holding (see below).^[8]

During the 2012–13 financial crisis in Cyprus, more than one third (26.3 billion rubles) of Rossiya Bank's total cash (85.4 billion rubles) was frozen in Cypriot accounts.^[9]{{efn|In 2013, this was equal to one billion United States dollars.^[9]}}

On June 28, 2013, its major shareholders were Yuri Kovalchuk 30%, Dmitri Gorelov and Nikolai Shamalov 10.5% each, Gennady Timchenko 8%, Gazprom about 16%, Alexei Mordashov 6%.^[9]

Sanctions

On March 20, 2014, the United States Government Office of Foreign Assets Control added Rossiya Bank to the Specially Designated Nationals List (SDN) as part of sanctions taken in response to the 2014 Crimean crisis, placing restrictions on US trade with the bank.^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13] Visa and Mastercard stopped processing the bank's payment as a result.^[19]

In response Vladimir Putin announced that he would open a ruble-only account with Bank Rossiya and would make it the primary bank in the newly annexed Crimea as well as giving the right to service payments on Russia's $36 billion wholesale electricity market – which gave the bank $112 million annually from commission charges alone.^[14] Bank Rossiya also announced plans to expand into the Crimean market, becoming the first major Russian bank to do so.^[15]

Assets worth – historical data

Management

The head of its board of directors were, in order, Vladimir Kolovay and Andrei Katkov. The current head of the board of directors is Yury Kovalchuk, who has held this position since 2004.

On September 24, 2004, Viktor Myachin resigned from the Director General position and Mikhail Klishin, who had been the First Deputy Director General and held a 0.197% share, was appointed acting Director General.^[17]

On December 10, 2004, Mikhail Klishin was appointed Director General, as the Central Bank of the Russian Federation had agreed to this decision.^[18]

On April 3, 2006, the board of directors appointed Dmitry Lebedev Director General and Head of the Management Committee. Mikhail Klishin (holder of a 0.159% share) was appointed First Deputy Director General. The Management Committee appointed on that day: Dmitry Lebedev, Oleg Anufriev, Alexander Germanov, Konstantin Gorbachyov, Faniya Kabalina, Mikhail Klishin, Galina Lebedeva, Alexander Markin, Oleg Filatov.^[19]

On December 26, 2006, the board of directors of the Bank elected its new Management Committee consisting of Dmitry Lebedev (Head, Director General), Alexander Germanov, Konstantin Gorbachyov, Faniya Kabalina, Mikhail Klishin, Alexander Markin and Boris Tikhonenko.^[20]

Subsidiaries

As of 2005, the bank is a shareholder of the following companies^[21] (see [https://archive.is/20080515233652/http://www.stockmap.spb.ru/company/3022/0/]):

In January 2005 it turned out that ABRos, a subsidiary of the bank, and Accept, one of its shareholders, held a 49.97% share and a 13.5% share of the insurance group SOGAZ Ltd., respectively^[22] , after a 49.979% share of the SOGAZ group had been sold by the Russian gas giant Gazprom to an unnamed purchaser for 1.69 billion rubles on July 26, 2004 , and in August 2004 Gazprom had sold 26% more of SOGAZ for 879.3 million rubles.^[23]

On November 2005 ABRos Investment Company (chairman of the board of Directors since September 11, 2006: Lyubov Sovershaeva)^[24] purchased a 37% share of the Petersburg TV and Radio Company.^[25]^[26] Also it owns a considerable share of the Media Holding Ren TV (as of December 2006, ). On December 18, 2006 Lyubov Sovershaeva also became the chairman of the board of Directors of the Ren TV Media Holding (replacing Alexey Germanovich, a Severstal Group representative).

Notes

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=BANK "ROSSIYA"|url=https://acra-ratings.com/ratings/issuers/66|website=ACRA|accessdate=28 August 2017}}
2. ^¹Anna Shcherbakova. Interview with Mikhail Klishin, Director General of the Russia Bank. Vedomosti #35(1316), March 1, 2005. (in Russian)
3. ^¹²The Origin of Putin's Oligarchy {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060621073656/http://www.anticompromat.ru/oligarhi/ppo.html |date=June 21, 2006 }} by Vladimir Pribylovsky. Ms., October 11, 2005. (in Russian)
4. ^Rossia & Company, premier.gov.ru, May 13, 2009.
5. ^{{Cite web|title = From the New Times: Putin and His ‘Family’ – Gazprom : The Other Russia|url = http://www.theotherrussia.org/2010/04/20/from-the-new-times-putin-and-his-family-gazprom/|accessdate = 2015-05-21}}
6. ^[https://archive.is/20080515233652/http://www.stockmap.spb.ru/company/3022/0/ The Russia Bank], Stockmap.spb.ru
7. ^
8. ^Fitch put ratings of the Russia bank in its Rating Watch list with a negative mark, Finnews.ru, January 9, 2007 (in Russian).
9. ^¹²{{cite news | title = У петербургского банка "Россия" в кризис на Кипре завис миллиард долларов: По оценке независимых экспертов, на кипрском депозите в период заморозки находилась треть денежных средств организации. | url = https://neva.today/news/u-peterburgskogo-banka-rossiya-v-krizis-na-kipre-zavis-milliard-dollarov-49155/ | language = Russian | trans-title = The St. Petersburg Bank "Russia" in the crisis in Cyprus, a billion dollars: According to independent experts, a third of the organization's money was frozen in the Cyprus accounts. | publisher = Neva.Today | date = June 28, 2013 | access-date = May 12, 2018}}
10. ^US Treasury
11. ^Specially Designated Nationals List (SDN)
12. ^{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |author2= |title=Treasury Sanctions Russian Officials, Members of the Russian Leadership's Inner Circle, And An Entity For Involvement in the Situation in Ukraine |url=http://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/jl23331.aspx |work= |publisher= United States Treasury Department |date=March 20, 2014 |accessdate=2014-03-20}}
13. ^{{cite web | last = Shuklin | first = Peter | title = Putin's inner circle: who got in a new list of US sanctions | url = https://news.liga.net/articles/politics/1066761-blizhniy_krug_putina_kto_popal_v_novyy_spisok_sanktsiy_ssha.htm | publisher = liga.net | date = March 21, 2014 | accessdate = February 20, 2016 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150207152258/http://news.liga.net/articles/politics/1066761-blizhniy_krug_putina_kto_popal_v_novyy_spisok_sanktsiy_ssha.htm | archivedate = February 7, 2015 | df = mdy-all }}
14. ^{{Cite news|url = http://www.themoscowtimes.com/business/article/sanctioned-bank-rossiya-to-service-36bln-domestic-electricity-market/498012.html|title = Sanctioned Bank Rossiya to Service $36Bln Domestic Electricity Market|last = Hobson|first = Peter|date = April 14, 2014|work = |access-date = |via = }}
15. ^¹{{cite news|title=Sanctioned Bank Rossiya Becomes First Major Russian Bank to Expand in Crimea|url=https://themoscowtimes.com/articles/sanctioned-bank-rossiya-becomes-first-major-russian-bank-to-expand-in-crimea-34000|accessdate=28 August 2017|work=The Moscow Times}}
16. ^{{Cite web|title = Rossiya bank {{!}} Банки.ру|url = http://www.banki.ru/banks/engbanks/bank/?id=68683|website = www.banki.ru|accessdate = 2015-05-21}}
17. ^Viktor Myachin resigned from the position of the Director General of the Russia Bank, Finnews.ru, September 28, 2004 (in Russian).
18. ^Mikhail Klishin became the Director General of the Russia Bank, Finnews.ru, December 16, 2004 (in Russian).
19. ^Dmitry Lebedev appointed Director general of the Russia Bank, Finnews.ru, April 5, 2006 (in Russian).
20. ^The Board of Directors of the Russia Bank confirmed the appointment of its Management, Finnews.ru, January 11, 2007 (in Russian).
21. ^{{cite web | last = Shleinov | first = Roman | title = Russian Businessmen Arrested in Spain on Charges of Operation a Criminal Organization Have Connections with Russian Government Officials, Politicians, Heads of State-owned Companies and Friends of Vladimir Putin | url = http://archive.premier.gov.ru/eng/premier/press/ru/3221/print/ | publisher = Russian Federation Office of the Prime Minister (Novaya Gazeta press release "Rossia & Company") | date = 2011 | accessdate = February 19, 2016}}
22. ^SOGAZ sold to St. Pete {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017170655/http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2005%2F01%2F21%2F85958 |date=October 17, 2007 }} by Pavel Miledin et al., Vedomosti #9 (1290), January 21, 2005 (in Russian, subscription required, full text freely available here: ).
23. ^Who sold SOGAZ? {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017170652/http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2004%2F08%2F13%2F79597 |date=October 17, 2007 }} by Pavel Miledin et al., Vedomosti #144 (1184), August 13, 2004 (in Russian, subscription required)
24. ^The Russia bank found a top-manager in the state service, Kommersant (in Russian).
25. ^The Russia Bank buys a considerable share of the Petersburg TV and Radio Company, Finnews.ru, November 28, 2005 (in Russian).
26. ^Yesterday, Kommersant, January 30, 2006 (in Russian).