| 词条 | Rostokino Aqueduct |
| 释义 |
Rostokino Aqueduct, also known as Millionny Bridge, is a stone aqueduct over Yauza river in Rostokino District of Moscow, Russia, built in 1780-1804. It is the only remaining aqueduct in Moscow, once a part of Mytishchi Water Supply, Moscow's first centralized water utility. HistoryThe aqueduct was commissioned by Catherine II of Russia to engineer Friedrich Wilhelm Bauer. Catherine authorized 1.1 million rouble expenditure and 400 soldiers.[1] Builders used second-hand stone left by demolition of Bely Gorod fortifications. Construction, frequently interrupted, dragged for 25 years, as the soldier engineers were summoned to the war with Turkey (1787-1792) and various other jobs. In the process, both Catherine and Bauer died. Colonel Ivan Gerard lead the project after Bauer's death in 1783. Catherine's son, Paul I, had to issue 400,000 roubles financing; Alexander I added 200,000 roubles. Finally, the aqueduct was completed at an unprecedented cost of 2 million roubles,[2] thus the name Millionny Bridge. SpecificationsThe total length is {{convert|356|m}}, the height over Yauza river level is {{convert|19|m}}. There are 21 arches, each spans {{convert|8.5|m}}. Original masonry water canal {{convert|0.9|m}} wide and {{convert|1.2|m}} high[3] was replaced with iron pipe in the 1850s. Water flowed naturally through a 20-kilometre masonry canal to a system of fountain taps; in 1892, the system was uprated with construction of pumps and water reservoires in the city.[4] Mytishchi Water Supply was closed in 1937, when a superior water supply, a part of Moscow Canal project, was completed. Ichka Aqueduct (demolished)A smaller, single-span aqueduct over Ichka river was built during the 1888-1892 modernization of Mytishchi system. It was destroyed in 1997 to make way for MKAD highway.[5] See also{{Commonscat|Rostokino Aqueduct}}
References1. ^Moscow Water Museum data, Water Museum {{coord|55.829|N|37.656|E|display=title}}2. ^Moscow Water Museum figure. Other sources put it at 1.60 and 1.648 million roubles 3. ^Russian: Энциклопедия "Москва", 2004 (Moscow Encyclopedia, 2004) 4. ^Russian: История одного водопровода, "Энергия промышленного роста" N 6[7] June 2006 www.epr-magazine.ru 5. ^Russian: www.archi-tec.ru 4 : Aqueducts in Russia|Bridges in Moscow|Bridges completed in 1804|Stone arch bridges |
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