| 词条 | Routing protocol |
| 释义 |
A routing protocol specifies how routers communicate with each other, distributing information that enables them to select routes between any two nodes on a computer network. Routers perform the "traffic directing" functions on the Internet; data packets are forwarded through the networks of the internet from router to router until they reach their destination computer. Routing algorithms determine the specific choice of route. Each router has a prior knowledge only of networks attached to it directly. A routing protocol shares this information first among immediate neighbors, and then throughout the network. This way, routers gain knowledge of the topology of the network. The ability of routing protocols to dynamically adjust to changing conditions such as disabled data lines and computers and route data around obstructions is what gives the Internet its survivability and reliability. The specific characteristics of routing protocols include the manner in which they avoid routing loops, the manner in which they select preferred routes, using information about hop costs, the time they require to reach routing convergence, their scalability, and other factors. Although there are many types of routing protocols, three major classes are in widespread use on IP networks:
Many routing protocols are defined in documents called RFCs.[1][2][3][4] OSI layer designationRouting protocols, according to the OSI routing framework, are layer management protocols for the network layer, regardless of their transport mechanism:
Interior gateway protocolsInterior gateway protocols (IGPs) exchange routing information within a single routing domain. Examples of IGPs include:
Exterior gateway protocolsExterior gateway protocols exchange routing information between autonomous systems. Examples include:
Routing softwareMany software implementations exist for most of the common routing protocols. Examples of open-source applications are Bird Internet routing daemon, Quagga, GNU Zebra, OpenBGPD, OpenOSPFD, and XORP. Routed protocolsSome network certification courses distinguish between routing protocols and routed protocols. A routed protocol is used to deliver application traffic. It provides appropriate addressing information in its internet layer or network layer to allow a packet to be forwarded from one network to another. Examples of routed protocols are the Internet Protocol (IP) and Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX). See also
Notes{{notelist}}References1. ^INTERNET PROTOCOL, RFC 791, J Postel, September 1981. 2. ^BROADCASTING INTERNET DATAGRAMS IN THE PRESENCE OF SUBNETS, RFC 922, Jeffrey Mogul, October 1984 3. ^Towards Requirements for IP Routers, RFC 1716, P. Almquist, November 1994 4. ^Requirements for IP Version 4 Routers, RFC 1812, F. Baker,June 1995 Further reading
3 : Routing protocols|Computer networking|Routing |
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