| 词条 | Roy Stone |
| 释义 |
|name= Roy Stone |birth_date= {{birth date|1836|10|16}} |death_date= {{death date and age|1905|8|5|1836|10|16}} |birth_place= Plattsburg, New York |death_place= Mendham, Vermont |office = Division of Public Roads |term_start = October 3, 1893 [1] |term_end = October 13, 1899 |predecessor = Position Established |successor = Martin Dodge |placeofburial=Arlington National Cemetery |placeofburial_label= Place of burial |image= Roy Stone.jpg |caption= Brigadier General Roy Stone |allegiance= United States of America Union |branch= United States Army Union Army |serviceyears= 1861–1865, 1898 |rank= Brigadier General |commands= 149th Pennsylvania Infantry |unit= |battles= American Civil War Spanish–American War
|laterwork= }}Roy Stone (October 16, 1836 – August 5, 1905) was a Union Army officer during the American Civil War. He is most noted for his stubborn defense of the McPherson Farm during the Battle of Gettysburg. He later served as a general in the Spanish–American War Early life and familyStone was born in Plattsburg, New York, to Ithiel V. and Sarah Stone. His family had been among the early settlers of the region, and his father owned a large estate. As a young man, he was an engineer and lumberman before the Civil War. Stone married Mary Elizabeth Marker at the First Presbyterian Church in Pittsburgh on August 14, 1862. They would have two children, a son, Richmond and a daughter, Margaret. Civil WarStone first served as major of the 13th Pennsylvania Reserves, a regiment that saw action at several early war battles, including Antietam. Stone returned to Pennsylvania to help recruit new regiments; he was commissioned as colonel of the newly raised 149th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry in 1863. He commanded a brigade in the third division of I Corps of the Army of the Potomac in the Battle of Chancellorsville but did not see serious combat. During the Gettysburg Campaign, Stone retained command of his three Pennsylvania regiments. On July 1, 1863, on the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg, his brigade, largely composed of green troops, was posted on McPherson's Ridge south of the Chambersburg Pike. Although the brigade had not seen previous combat, it was instrumental in holding back several assaults by the Confederates. Stone moved his regiments to block attacks by Colonel John Brockenborough and Brigadier General Junius Daniel. His troops held until the Iron Brigade and other Federal units fell back.[2] Stone's men were among last to withdraw from their sector. Stone was severely wounded in the hip and arm in the fighting, and he returned home to recuperate.[3] After his return to active duty, Stone served briefly as a brigade commander in James Wadsworth's 4th Division, V Corps during Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's 1864 Overland Campaign. He was removed from command during the Battle of the Wilderness. Stone's horse fell on him on May 5, but many presumed he had been drunk on the battlefield.[4] Stone commanded Camp Curtin, Pennsylvania, September 7, 1864–December 15, 1864 and the Alton Military Prison in Alton, Illinois, December 15, 1864–January 27, 1865.[3] He resigned from the volunteers on January 27, 1865.[3] On December 12, 1864, President Abraham Lincoln nominated Stone for appointment as brevet brigadier general, U.S. Volunteers, to rank from September 7, 1864, for "gallant services during the war, and especially at Gettysburg" and the United States Senate confirmed the appointment on February 20, 1865.[5] PostbellumStone became a leading advocate of the Good Roads Movement which is now known . His contributions led to major changes and improvements in highway construction and design. He served as one of the early heads of the Division of Public Roads from October 3, 1983 - October 13, 1899 [6]. [3] Stone returned to active military duty with the rank of Brigadier General in 1898, serving in the Puerto Rican Campaign of the Spanish–American War. DeathRoy Stone died August 5, 1905 at Mendham, Vermont.[3] He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery.[3] HonorsStone Avenue in the Gettysburg National Military Park is named in his honor and memory. The palm genus Roystonea is named in memory of the work he did in road building in Puerto Rico during the capture of the island.[7] See also{{Portal|United States Army|American Civil War}}
Notes1. ^https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/93fall/p93au1.cfm 2. ^Pfanz, pp. 196–199. 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. {{ISBN|978-0-8047-3641-1}}. p. 514. 4. ^Rhea, pp. 237–238. 5. ^Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. {{ISBN|978-0-8047-3641-1}}. p. 758. 6. ^https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/93fall/p93au1.cfm 7. ^{{cite journal| last = Cook| first = O.F.| authorlink = Orator F. Cook| year = 1901| title = A Synopsis of the Palms of Puerto Rico| journal = Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club| volume = 28| issue = 10| pages = 525–69| jstor = 2478709| doi = 10.2307/2478709| quote = no| publisher = Torrey Botanical Society}} References
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10 : 1836 births|1905 deaths|American Presbyterians|Burials at Arlington National Cemetery|People from Alton, Illinois|People from Plattsburgh, New York|United States Army generals|Pennsylvania Reserves|Union Army colonels|People of Pennsylvania in the American Civil War |
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