| 词条 | Elliott Bay |
| 释义 |
| name = Elliott Bay | image = Aerial view of Elliot Bay, Seattle.jpg | caption = Aerial view of Elliott Bay | image_map = | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | location = | coords = {{coord|47.603|-122.373|type:waterbody_scale:100000_region:US|display=inline,title}} | rivers = Duwamish River | oceans = Puget Sound | countries = United States | length = | width = | area = {{convert | 21 | km2 |abbr=on}} | depth = | max-depth = | volume = | shore = | salinity = | frozen = | islands = | cities = Seattle | reference = [1] }} Elliott Bay is a part of the Central Basin region of Puget Sound in the U.S. state of Washington that extends southeastward between West Point in the north and Alki Point in the south. Seattle was founded on this body of water in the 1850s and has since grown to encompass it completely. The waterway it provides to the Pacific Ocean has served as a key element of the city's economy, enabling the Port of Seattle to become one of the busiest ports in the United States. HistoryThe Duwamish people lived in the vicinity of Elliott Bay and the Duwamish River for thousands of years and had established at least 17 settlements by the time white settlers came in the 1850s.[2] Among the earliest white settlements was by the Denny Party at New York Alki, which is in the present-day neighborhood of Alki in West Seattle, however after a hard winter they shifted across Elliott Bay near the present-day Pioneer Square, which became Seattle. Over the years the city expanded to cover all of the waterfront on Elliott Bay and codified it as one of its fairways (a navigable waterway).[3] The bay was named during the Wilkes expedition in 1841,[3] after an uncertain namesake. Candidates include members of the expedition: ship's chaplain Jared Elliott, ship's boy George Elliott, and midshipman Samuel Elliott. The last has been deemed the most likely namesake.[4] Commodore Jesse Elliott has also been proposed as a possible source of the name.[5] The bay has been referred to as Duwamish Bay and Seattle Harbor,[6] especially before the US Board on Geographic Names officially settled on the name "Elliott Bay" in 1895.[3] A local legend says that the Puget Sound Mosquito Fleet, which peaked in the early 20th century, was so-named by a Seattleite who looked out over Elliott Bay and remarked that the activity resembled that of mosquitoes.[7] Two notable sinkings related to the Mosquito Fleet occurred in the bay: the Dix in 1906, taking with it dozens of lives, and the Multnomah in 1911. Eventually these commercial passenger services faded as automobiles and ferries rose in popularity. The last remaining model of the Boeing 307 ditched into Elliott Bay in 2002 during a final test flight from Boeing Field to Everett. The craft, named the Flying Cloud, had been the subject of an eight-year restoration project meant to ready it for display at the National Air and Space Museum.[8] Despite the incident, the aircraft was again restored, flew to the Smithsonian, and was put on display.[9] FeaturesWest Point and Alki Point are the headlands into Puget Sound recognized as the northern and southern entrances of Elliott Bay respectively. A line drawn between these two points demarcates the bay to the east from the open sound to the west.[10][11] More precisely, the bay has been defined as being east from a line drawn from Duwamish Head north to Magnolia Bluff.[12] The Duwamish River empties into the southeastern part of the bay. This area was extensively modified by human development in the 20th century to channelize the river and fill in tideflats to create Harbor Island, which was once the world's largest artificial island. West of the river delta the land juts north into the bay at Duwamish Head. To the east running north and northwest is the heart of Seattle, the Alaskan Way Seawall, the Central Waterfront, and Smith Cove. Elliott Bay is home to the Port of Seattle, which, in 2002, was the 9th busiest port in the United States by TEUs of container traffic and the 46th busiest in the world.[13][14] Cruise ship business, serving Alaskan cruises, became increasingly important in the 2000s.[15] The bay is also home to Colman Dock, the main Seattle terminal of the state's ferry system, the largest in the country. Sailings regularly depart from Seattle to Bainbridge Island and Bremerton. The Seattle–Winslow (Bainbridge Island) route is the most heavily used in the state ferry system in terms of number of vehicles and passengers transported.[16] The King County Water Taxi, a passenger ferry, runs across the bay, connecting Downtown Seattle with West Seattle (Seacrest Dock) and Vashon Island.[17] Two marinas are in Elliott Bay. The larger of them is the privately owned Elliott Bay Marina, in the Magnolia/Interbay neighborhoods at Smith Cove, with 1,200 slips.[18][19] Bell Harbor Marina, operated by the Port of Seattle, is in the Central Waterfront along Belltown. Up to 70 vessels can be moored there.[20] Numerous piers extend into the bay, especially along Seattle's Central Waterfront. Piers 57 and 59 house tourist destinations, including the Seattle Great Wheel and the Seattle Aquarium. On Pier 67 is The Edgewater Hotel. Pier 86 is a major grain shipping terminal operated by the Louis Dreyfus Group.[21] Grain is carried to docked cargo ships by passing over Elliott Bay Trail and a narrow shoreline park, which also features a public fishing pier[22] near Smith Cove. In the cove is Terminal 91, which has served a variety of purposes over the years, including storage for imported automobiles and fish, and most recently became a dock for Alaskan cruise ships.[23] To the south, in West Seattle's Seacrest Park, is another public fishing pier[24] and a dive site. As a prominent aspect of Seattle's geography, the bay has frequently been referenced in media. Seattle, the 1998 season of the MTV reality television series, was filmed on Pier 70 on the bay.[25] The fictional Elliott Bay Towers, home of Frasier Crane on the TV series Frasier, are named after the bay. In Season 3 of the Seattle-set crime drama The Killing, suspect Ray Seward is incarcerated in the fictional Elliott Bay Penitentiary.[26] A simplified map of Elliott Bay is used as the "Maps" icon in Microsoft's Windows Phone 7 Smartphone Operating System. Microsoft has its headquarters in the Seattle metropolitan area. EcologyElliott Bay has been a focus for environmental concern. Urban and industrial development along its shores, and on the banks of the Duwamish River that leads into it, have caused concern over the levels of contaminants entering the water.[1] On the southern shoreline are two Superfund cleanup sites: Harbor Island[27] and the former location of Lockheed West Seattle.[28] Several other sites have been designated for cleanup, including the Pacific Sound Resources site,[29] and others along the lower Duwamish. The downtown waterfront offers a poor habitat for the juvenile salmon that migrate from the Duwamish River, due to the darkness under the piers and the lack of food along the vertical Alaskan Way Seawall. The seawall redevelopment project aims to improve the habitat by installing underwater structures to create shallows where salmon can find food and glass blocks in the sidewalk (cantilevered over the bay) so that sunlight can illuminate the shallows even at the piers.[30] References1. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.darrp.noaa.gov/northwest/elliott/index.html |title=Elliott Bay/Duwamish River, WA |work=Damage Assessment, Remediation, & Restoration Program |publisher=NOAA Office of Response and Restoration |date=November 2, 2010 |accessdate=October 17, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014035607/http://www.darrp.noaa.gov/northwest/elliott/index.html |archivedate=October 14, 2012 |df= }} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&File_Id=1660 |title=Seattle and King County's First White Settlers |publisher=HistoryLink |first=Greg |last=Lange |date=October 15, 2000 |accessdate=October 16, 2012}} 3. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1504730 |title=Elliott Bay |publisher=USGS Geographic Names Information Service |accessdate=2012-10-14}} 4. ^{{cite web|last=Rochester |first=Junius |url=http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&File_Id=5226 |title=Wilkes, Charles (1798-1877) |work=HistoryLink |date=2003-02-17 |accessdate=2012-05-21}} 5. ^{{cite book |title=The Coast |volume=5-6 |last=Wilhelm |first=Honor L. |year=1902 |publisher=Coast Publishing Co. |page=91 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NbERAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA91&dq=%22elliott%20bay%22%20wilkes&pg=PA91#v=onepage&q&f=false}} 6. ^{{cite journal |url=http://journals.lib.washington.edu/index.php/WHQ/article/view/5588 |title=Origin of Washington Geographic Names |journal=The Washington Historical Quarterly |first=Edmond S. |last=Meany |volume=9 |date=July 1918 |page=123 |issue=2}} 7. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rStcqMQSQUkC&lpg=PP1 |title=Mosquito Fleet of South Puget Sound |page=7 |first1=Jean |last1=Cammon Findlay |first2=Robin |last2=Paterson |year=2008 |publisher=Arcadia |isbn=978-0-7385-5607-9}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Historic Boeing 307 Stratoliner ditches into Elliott Bay on March 28, 2002 |url=http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?displaypage=output.cfm&file_id=3740 |first=Priscilla |last=Long |work=HistoryLink |date=March 29, 2002}} 9. ^{{cite web |last=Whitford |first=Ellen |url=http://www.boeing.com/news/frontiers/archive/2003/september/i_ca.html |title=Once more with feeling |work=Boeing Frontiers Online |publisher=Boeing |date=September 2003 |accessdate=August 18, 2012}} 10. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://clerk.seattle.gov/~scripts/nph-brs.exe?s1=&s2=Elliott+Bay&S3=&Sect4=AND&l=20&Sect3=PLURON&Sect5=CODE1&d=CODE&p=1&u=%2F~public%2Fcode1.htm&r=3&Sect6=HITOFF&f=G |title=SMC 16.04.070 Fairway |work=Seattle Municipal Code |publisher=Seattle Office of the City Clerk |accessdate=2012-10-14}} 11. ^{{cite book |title=Coast Pilot of California, Oregon, and Washington Territory |first=George |last=Davidson |year=1869 |location=Washington |publisher=Government Printing Office |page=236 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Acc7AAAAcAAJ&lpg=PA236&pg=PA236#v=onepage&q&f=false |quote=. . . a very long, low sand point, called West Point, which forms the extreme northwest part of the entrance to Duwamish Bay [Elliott Bay]. The bay runs east by south six and half miles and has a width of two miles. To the south point, called Battery Point [Alki Point] . . .}} 12. ^{{cite book |url=http://www.nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/nsd/coastpilot/files/cp7/CPB7_E46_C13_20131109_2308_WEB.pdf |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6LEi6Kbh3?url=http://www.nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/nsd/coastpilot/files/cp7/CPB7_E46_C13_20131109_2308_WEB.pdf |archivedate=2013-11-19 |title=U.S. Coast Pilot 7 |chapter=Chapter 13: Puget Sound, Washington |page=527 |edition=45th (2013) |date=December 2, 2012 |publisher=National Ocean Service |deadurl=yes |df= }} 13. ^{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807125108/http://www.marad.dot.gov/Marad_Statistics/Con-Pts-02.htm |url=http://www.marad.dot.gov/Marad_Statistics/Con-Pts-02.htm |title=U.S. Waterborne Foreign Trade, Containerized Cargo, Top 30 U.S. Ports, Calendar Year 2002 |publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation |archivedate=2007-08-07}} 14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.aapa-ports.org/industryinfo/statistics.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004124746/http://aapa-ports.org/industryinfo/statistics.htm |publisher=AAPA |title=Port Industry Statistics |archivedate=2006-10-04}} 15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.portseattle.org/About/Publications/Statistics/Seaport/Pages/Cruise.aspx |title=Cruise Statistics |publisher=Port of Seattle |accessdate=October 16, 2012}} 16. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/ferries/traffic_stats/annualpdf/2011.pdf |title=Traffic Statistics Rider Segment Report (2011) |date=May 3, 2012 |publisher=Washington State Ferries}} 17. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.kingcounty.gov/transportation/kcdot/WaterTaxi.aspx |title=King County Water Taxi |publisher= King County Department of Transportation |accessdate=2012-08-18}} 18. ^{{cite news |url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19920127&slug=1472442 |title=If You've Got A Boat, Marina Has A Slip |first=Tim |last=Healy |date=January 27, 1992 |newspaper=The Seattle Times}} 19. ^{{cite web |url=http://water.epa.gov/polwaste/nps/marinas/upload/ch10.pdf |title=Elliott Bay Marina Inc. |publisher=US EPA |accessdate=October 17, 2012}} 20. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.portseattle.org/Marinas/Bell-Harbor-Marina/Pages/default.aspx |title=Bell Harbor Marina |publisher=Port of Seattle |accessdate=October 17, 2012}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.portseattle100.org/properties/terminal-86 |title=Terminal 86 Grain Facility |publisher=Port of Seattle |work=Port of Seattle Centennial |accessdate=October 19, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103062646/http://www.portseattle100.org/properties/terminal-86 |archivedate=January 3, 2013 |df= }} 22. ^{{cite web |url=http://wdfw.wa.gov/fishing/piers/39/ |title=Elliott Bay Fishing Pier at Terminal 86 |publisher=Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife |accessdate=October 19, 2012}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://portseattle100.org/properties/terminal-91 |title=Terminal 91 |publisher=Port of Seattle |work=Port of Seattle Centennial |accessdate=October 19, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220160445/http://portseattle100.org/properties/terminal-91 |archivedate=February 20, 2012 |df= }} 24. ^{{cite web |url=http://wdfw.wa.gov/fishing/piers/40/ |title=Seacrest Park Pier |publisher=Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife |accessdate=October 19, 2012}} 25. ^{{cite news |url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19980612&slug=2755655 |title=MTV's Series Appears 'Real' In Name Only |newspaper=The Seattle Times |first=Melanie |last=Mcfarland |date=June 12, 1998}} 26. ^{{cite web |url=http://blogs.amctv.com/the-killing/2013/07/highlights-from-the-killing-story-sync-for-season-3-episode-10-six-minutes-2/ |title=Highlights From The Killing Story Sync for Season 3 Episode 10, 'Six Minutes'|publisher=AMC TV |work=The Killing Story Sync |accessdate=August 10, 2013}} 27. ^{{cite web |url=http://yosemite.epa.gov/r10/cleanup.nsf/346a4822da38ae7088256da6005fc923/5a64831b6521f46b8825650200836f1c!OpenDocument |title=Harbor Island (Lead) |publisher=US EPA |accessdate=October 17, 2012}} 28. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/nar1756.htm |title=NPL Site Narrative for Lockheed West Seattle |work=National Priorities List |publisher=US EPA |accessdate=October 17, 2012}} 29. ^{{cite web |url=http://yosemite.epa.gov/r10/cleanup.nsf/346a4822da38ae7088256da6005fc923/a595d5941c31443988256548005a94cf!OpenDocument |title=Pacific Sound Resources |publisher=US EPA |accessdate=October 17, 2012}} 30. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.eopugetsound.org/magazine/seawall |title=Brighter future for salmon at downtown seawall |work=Encyclopedia of Puget Sound |first=Stuart |last=Munsch |date=October 14, 2014 |editor1-first=Charles |editor1-last=Simenstad |editor2-first=Jeff |editor2-last=Rice |publisher=Puget Sound Institute}} External links
4 : Landforms of Seattle|Bays of Washington (state)|Landforms of Puget Sound|Bays of King County, Washington |
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