| 词条 | Rudolf Leuckart |
| 释义 |
|name = Rudolf Leuckart |image = Rudolf Leuckart 2.jpg |image_size = 230px |caption = Rudolf Leuckart |birth_date = 7 October 1822 |birth_place = Helmstedt |death_date = {{death date and age|1898|2|6|1822|10|7|df=y}} |death_place = Leipzig |residence = |citizenship = Germany |nationality = |ethnicity = |field = zoology parasitology |work_institutions = University of Giessen University of Leipzig |alma_mater = University of Göttingen |doctoral_advisor = Rudolph Wagner |notable_students = Otto Bütschli Hugo Münsterberg Oka Asajirō |known_for = Taenia saginata Taenia solium |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = |prizes = |religion = |footnotes = |signature = }} Karl Georg Friedrich Rudolf Leuckart (7 October 1822 – 22 February 1898) was a German zoologist born in Helmstedt. He was a nephew to naturalist Friedrich Sigismund Leuckart (1794–1843). Academic careerHe earned his degree from the University of Göttingen, where he was a student of Rudolf Wagner (1805–1864). Afterwards he participated on a scientific expedition to the North Sea for the study marine invertebrates. Later he became a professor of zoology at the University of Giessen (1850) and the University of Leipzig (1869).[1] Parasitological researchLeuckart is remembered for his work in parasitology, particularly research regarding tapeworm and trichinosis. He was the first to prove that Taenia saginata occurs only in cattle (and humans), and Taenia solium occurs only in swine (and humans). His study of Trichina helped support Rudolf Virchow's campaign to create meat inspection laws in Germany.[2] With Virchow and Friedrich Albert von Zenker (1825–1898), he was the first to document the life cycle of the parasite Trichinella spiralis in swine and humans. He, and independently Algernon Thomas, experimentally discovered the life-cycle of the sheep liver fluke in 1881–1883.[3] Today the "Rudolf-Leuckart-Medaille" is an annual award given for research in parasitology by the Deutschen Gesellschaft für Parasitologie (German Society of Parasitology). Other contributionsLeuckart is credited with splitting George Cuvier's Radiata into two phyla: Coelenterata and Echinodermata.[1] As a scientist, his provided excellent descriptions of morphologic details giving credence to the idea that zoological evolution can be learned through its anatomical changes. Between 1877 and 1892, he developed a series of zoological wall charts that have been used worldwide as teaching aids. In the field of entomology, he conducted investigations into the micropyle and fertilization of insect eggs, the reproduction and development involving members of Pupipara, parthenogenesis among insects, and studies on the anatomy and life history of the honeybee.[4] A quote attributed to Rudolf Leuckart:{{Quote|It is not possible for man, as a thinking being, to close his mind to the knowledge that he is ruled by the same power as is the animal world. Like the despised worm he lives in dependence upon external commands, and like the worm he perishes, even when he has shaken the world through the power of his ideas|Rudolf Leuckart}} A species of Australian lizard, Anomalopus leuckarti, is named in his honor.[5] FamilyLeuckart's son, Carl Louis Rudolf Leuckart (1854–1889), was a chemist and professor. {{Botanist|Leuck.|Leuckart, Rudolf}}Written works
References1. ^1 ADB: Leuckart, Rudolf @ Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. 2. ^{{cite journal|last=Lukács|first=D|date=February 1978|title= Karl Georg Friedrich Rudolf Leuckart, founder of parasitology|journal=Orvosi hetilap|volume=119|issue=6|pages=341–3| publisher = | pmid = 343042}} 3. ^{{cite book |last=Cheng |first=Thomas C. |title=General Parasitology |year=1973 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-12-170750-7 |pages=125-128}} 4. ^{{cite book|title=Psyche|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AuUqAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA214|year=1899|volume =Vol. 8|publisher=Cambridge Entomological Club|pages=214–}} 5. ^Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. ("Leuckart", p. 156). External links{{Commons category|Rudolf Leuckart}}
9 : 1822 births|1898 deaths|People from Helmstedt|People from the Duchy of Brunswick|German zoologists|Leipzig University faculty|Foreign Members of the Royal Society|Members of the Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art|Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class) |
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