| 词条 | Ruthenium red |
| 释义 |
| Verifiedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 464384628 | Name = Ammoniated ruthenium oxychloride | ImageFile = Ruthenium red cation.svg | ImageSize = | IUPACName = | OtherNames = |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 7827798 | InChI = 1/6ClH.14H3N.2H2O.3Ru/h6*1H;14*1H3;2*1H2;;;/q;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;+4;2*+5/p-6 | InChIKey = CIBHIQPXTCXIRW-CYFPFDDLAK | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/6ClH.14H3N.2H2O.3Ru/h6*1H;14*1H3;2*1H2;;;/q;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;+4;2*+5/p-6 | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = CIBHIQPXTCXIRW-UHFFFAOYSA-H | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|changed|CAS}} | CASNo = 11103-72-3 | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}} | UNII = KU6M163B0R | PubChem = 9548875 | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} | ChEMBL = 369149 | SMILES = [Ru+5].[Ru+5].[Ru+4].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].O.O.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N }} |Section2={{Chembox Properties | Ru=3 | Cl=6 | N=14 | H=42 | O=2 | MolarMass = | Appearance = | Density = | MeltingPt = | BoilingPt = | Solubility = }} |Section3={{Chembox Hazards | MainHazards = | FlashPt = | AutoignitionPt = }} }} The inorganic dye ammoniated ruthenium oxychloride, also known as ruthenium red, is used in histology to stain aldehyde fixed mucopolysaccharides. Ruthenium red (RR) has also been used as a pharmacological tool to study specific cellular mechanisms. Selectivity is a significant issue in such studies as RR is known to interact with a large number of proteins.[1] These include mammalian ion channels (CatSper1, TASK, RyR1, RyR2, RyR3, TRPM6, TRPM8, TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPV5, TRPV6, TRPA1, mCa1, mCa2, CALHM1[2][3]) TRPP3,[4] a plant ion channel, Ca2+-ATPase, mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter,[5] tubulin, myosin light-chain phosphatase, and Ca2+ binding proteins such as calmodulin. Ruthenium red displays nanomolar potency against several of its binding partners (e.g. TRPV4, ryanodine receptors,...). For example, it is a potent inhibitor of intracellular calcium release by ryanodine receptors (Kd ~20 nM).[6] As a TRPA1 blocker, it assists in reducing the airway inflammation caused by pepper spray. RR has been used on plant material since 1890 for staining pectins, mucilages, and gums. RR is a stereoselective stain for pectic acid, insofar as the staining site occurs between each monomer unit and the next adjacent neighbor.[7] References1. ^{{cite journal | pmid = 21671873 | volume=11 | issue=17 | title=TRPV4 agonists and antagonists | year=2011 | journal=Curr Top Med Chem | pages=2216–26 | last1 = Vincent | first1 = F | last2 = Duncton | first2 = MA | doi=10.2174/156802611796904861}} {{Transient receptor potential channel modulators}}2. ^{{cite journal | last1 = Ma | first1 = Z | last2 = Siebert | first2 = AP | last3 = Cheung | first3 = KH | last4 = Lee | first4 = RJ | last5 = Johnson | first5 = B | last6 = Cohen | first6 = AS | last7 = Vingtdeux | first7 = V | last8 = Marambaud | first8 = P | last9 = Foskett | first9 = JK | year = 2012 | title = Calcium homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1) is the pore-forming subunit of an ion channel that mediates extracellular Ca2+ regulation of neuronal excitability | journal = Proc Natl Acad Sci USA | volume = 109 | issue = 28| pages = E1963–71 | pmid = 22711817 | doi=10.1073/pnas.1204023109 | pmc=3396471}} 3. ^Dreses-Werringloer U, Vingtdeux V, Zhao H, Chandakkar P, Davies P, Marambaud P. "CALHM1 controls Ca2+-dependent MEK/ERK/RSK/MSK signaling in neurons". J Cell Sci 2013. {{PMID|23345406}} 4. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Decaen | first1 = P. G. | last2 = Delling | first2 = M. | last3 = Vien | first3 = T. N. | last4 = Clapham | first4 = D. E. | title = Direct recording and molecular identification of the calcium channel of primary cilia | doi = 10.1038/nature12832 | journal = Nature | volume = 504 | issue = 7479 | pages = 315–318 | year = 2013 | pmid = 24336289 | pmc = 4073646}} 5. ^{{cite journal | last1 = Hajnóczky | first1 = G | last2 = Csordás | first2 = G | last3 = Das | first3 = S | last4 = Garcia-Perez | first4 = C | last5 = Saotome | first5 = M | last6 = Sinha Roy | first6 = S | last7 = Yi | first7 = M | year = 2006 | title = Mitochondrial calcium signalling and cell death: approaches for assessing the role of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in apoptosis | journal = Cell Calcium | volume = 40 | issue = 5–6| pages = 553–60 | doi=10.1016/j.ceca.2006.08.016 | pmid=17074387 | pmc=2692319}} 6. ^{{cite journal | last1 = Tripathy | first1 = Le Xu Ashutosh | last2 = Pasek | first2 = Daniel A. | last3 = Meissner | first3 = Gerhard | year = 1998 | title = Potential for Pharmacology of Ryanodine Receptor/Calcium Release Channels | url = http://www.annalsnyas.org/cgi/content/abstract/853/1/130 | journal = Ann NY Acad Sci | volume = 853 | issue = 1| pages = 130–148 }} 7. ^Mariani Colombo P, Rascio N. "Ruthenium red staining for electron microscopy of plant material". Journal of Ultrastructure Research Volume 60, Issue 2, August 1977, Pages 135–139 3 : Staining dyes|Ruthenium complexes|Ammine complexes |
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