请输入您要查询的百科知识:

 

词条 Ruth Law Oliver
释义

  1. Biography

  2. References

  3. Further reading

  4. External links

{{Infobox person
|name = Ruth Law Oliver
|image = Ruth Law arriving New York City in 1916.jpg
|caption = Ruth Law arriving in New York after flight from Chicago, 1916.
|birth_name = Ruth Bancroft Law
|birth_date = May 21, 1887
|birth_place = Lynn, Massachusetts
|death_date = {{death date and age|1970|12|01|1887|5|21}}
|death_place = San Francisco, California
|nationality = American
|citizenship = American
|known_for = aviation pioneer
|education =
|alma_mater =
|employer =
|parents = Sarah Bancroft Breed
Frederick Henry Law
|spouse = Charles Oliver
|relatives = Rodman Law(brother)
}}Ruth Law Oliver (May 21, 1887 - December 1, 1970) was a pioneer American aviatrix during the 1910s.[1][1][2]

Biography

She was born Ruth Bancroft Law on May 21, 1887 to Sarah Bancroft Breed and Frederick Henry Law in Lynn, Massachusetts.[1]

She was inspired to take up flying by her brother, parachutist and pioneer movie stuntman Rodman Law (1885-1919),[3] with whom she challenged herself to physically keep up with during their childhood.[6]

She was instructed by Harry Atwood and Arch Freeman at Atwood Park in Saugus, Massachusetts[4], having been refused lessons by Orville Wright because, according to Law, he believed that women weren't mechanically inclined, but this only made her more determined, later saying "The surest way to make me do a thing is to tell me I can't do it," and was an adept mechanic.[5] She received her pilot's license in November 1912, and in 1915 gave a demonstration of aerobatics at Daytona Beach, Florida, before a large crowd. She announced that she was going to "loop the loop" for the first time, and proceeded to do so, not once but twice, to the consternation of her husband, Charles Oliver.

In the spring of 1916, she took part in an altitude competition, twice narrowly coming in second to male fliers. She was furious, determined to set a record that would stand against men as well as women.

Her greatest feat took place on 19 November 1916, when she broke the existing cross-America flight air speed record of 452 miles (728 km) set by Victor Carlstrom by flying nonstop from Chicago to New York State, a distance of 590 miles (950 km). The next day she flew on to New York City. Flying over Manhattan, her fuel cut out, but she glided to a safe landing on Governors Island and was met by United States Army Captain Henry "Hap" Arnold (who changed her spark plugs in the Curtiss pusher), who would one day become Commanding General of the United States Army Air Forces. President Woodrow Wilson attended a dinner held in her honor on 2 December 1916.

After the United States entered World War I in April 1917, she campaigned unsuccessfully for women to be allowed to fly military aircraft. Stung by her rejection, she wrote an article entitled "Let Women Fly!" in the magazine Air Travel, where she argued that success in aviation should prove a woman's fitness for work in that field.

After the war, she continued to set records. After Raymonde de Laroche of France set a women's altitude record of nearly 13,000 feet (3,962 m) on 7 June 1919,[6] She broke Laroche{{'}}s record on 10 June, flying to 14,700 feet (4,481 m).[6] Laroche in turn, however, broke Oliver{{'}}s record on 12 June, flying to a height of 15,748 feet (4,800 m).[7]

On a morning in 1922, Law woke up to read with surprise an announcement of her retirement in the newspaper; her husband had tired of her dangerous job and had taken that step to end her flying career[8], and she acquiesced to his demand.

She attributed a 1932 nervous breakdown to the lack of flying, having settled down in a Los Angeles, spending her days gardening.[5]

In 1948, Law attended a Smithsonian event in Washington, D.C. celebrating the donation of the Wright brothers' Kitty Hawk plane, despite Orville Wright's earlier refusal to teach her. Notwithstanding her accomplished career in aviation, she traveled by train.[5]

She died on December 1, 1970, in San Francisco.[9] She is buried in Pine Grove Cemetery in Lynn, Massachusetts.


References

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.historicjoplin.org/?tag=ruth-law |title= A Pioneer Aviatrix Visits Joplin |date= |accessdate=2012-08-28 |quote=The pilot was the famous Ruth Bancroft Law and had been challenging both stereotypes and flying records for the past several years. |publisher=Historic Joplin |location= }}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/hargrave/law.html |title=Ruth Bancroft Law (Oliver) (1887-1970) |date= |accessdate=2012-08-28 |quote=Ruth Law enjoyed one of the longest and most colorful careers of early female aviators. She was so successful that, in 1917, she earned as much as $9,000 a week for exhibition flights. ... |publisher=Hargrave |location= }}
3. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/9211065/laws_father/|title=Thrill World But Their Dad is Not So Much Impressed|date=November 2, 1919|accessdate=February 27, 2017|publisher=Wichita Daily Eagle|page=39|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Open access}}
4. ^{{cite book|last=Edwards|first=John Carver|title=Orville's Aviators: Outstanding Alumni of the Wright Flying School, 1910-1916|year=2009|publisher=McFarland & Company|location=Jefferson, North Carolina|isbn=9780786442270|pages=63|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=swjGdOIu06QC&pg=PA63&lpg=PA63&dq}}
5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/ace-aviatrix-learned-fly-even-though-orville-wright-refused-teach-her-180962606/|title=This Ace Aviatrix Learned to Fly Even Though Orville Wright Refused to Teach Her|last=McGraw|first=Eliza|website=Smithsonian|language=en|access-date=2019-01-06}}
6. ^Pawlak, p. 17.
7. ^Pawlak, p. 17, claims the height reached was 15,748 feet (4,800 m).
8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://airandspace.si.edu/explore-and-learn/topics/women-in-aviation/law.cfm|title=Women in Aviation and Space History - Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum|website=airandspace.si.edu|access-date=2019-01-06}}
9. ^{{cite news |author=Associated Press |coauthors= |title=Ruth Law Oliver, 79, Pioneer Flier, Dies |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E06E3D71338E336A05757C0A9649D946190D6CF |quote=Ruth Law Oliver, a pioneer woman aviator, died here Tuesday. She was 79 years old. |newspaper=New York Times |date=December 4, 1970 |accessdate=2015-01-14 }}

Further reading

  • Pawlak, Debra Ann. "The Baroness of Flight". Aviation History, July 2008, pp. 16–17.

External links

{{commons category|Ruth Bancroft Law}}
  • Short biography
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20110929145011/http://narademo.umiacs.umd.edu/cgi-bin/isadg/viewobject.pl?object=95602 Image of Ruth Law in uniform]
  • Ruth Law at Daytona Beach 1913-1916
  • Hill Air Force Base factsheet
  • {{YouTube|pjNDF8SOyRM|Ruth Law Thrills A Nation; Reading Rainbow PBS, 1994}} - hosted by LeVar Burton, read by Linda Lavin
  • findagrave.com
  • [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ekgy0eX7R0 Chicago-to-New York flight]
  • Smithsonian Magazine, 22 March 2017
{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Law, Ruth}}

8 : Female aviators|Members of the Early Birds of Aviation|1970 deaths|1887 births|American female aviators|Aviation pioneers|Women aviation record holders|American aviation record holders

随便看

 

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

 

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间:2024/11/14 20:40:35