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词条 Sadeq Larijani
释义

  1. Early life and education

  2. Career

     Activities 

  3. Controversies

     Views 

  4. Sanctions

  5. Works

  6. Public image

  7. Personal life

  8. References

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2013}}{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sadeq Larijani
| image = Sixth International Conference in Support of the Palestinian Intifada, Tehran (15) (crop of Sadeq Larijani).jpg
| caption = Sadeq Larijani, 2017
| birth_name = Sadeq Ardeshir Larijani
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1961|03|12|df=y}}
| birth_place = Najaf, Iraq
| office = Chairman of Expediency Discernment Council
| term_start = 30 December 2018
| term_end =
| appointer = Ali Khamenei
| predecessor = Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi
| successor =
| order1 = Chief Justice of Iran
| term_start1 = 14 August 2009
| deputy1 = Ebrahim Raisi
Gholamhossein Mohseni-Ezhe'i
| appointer1 = Ali Khamenei
| term_end1 = 7 March 2019
| predecessor1 = Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi
| successor1 = Ebrahim Raisi
| office2 = Member of the Assembly of Experts
| term_start2 = 23 February 1999
| term_end2 =
| constituency2 = Mazandaran Province
| majority2 = 682,817
| party = Combatant Clergy Association
Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom
| parents = Mirza Hashem Amoli (father)[1]
| relatives = {{plainlist|
  • Hossein Vahid Khorasani (father-in-law)[1]
  • Abdollah Javadi-Amoli (uncle)[1]
  • Ahmad Tavakoli (cousin)[1]
  • Ali Larijani (brother)
  • Mohammad-Javad Larijani (brother)
  • Bagher Larijani (brother)
  • Fazel Larijani (brother)

}}
| alma_mater = Qom Seminary
| religion = Shia Islam
| nationality = Iranian
}}

Sadeq Ardeshir Larijani ({{lang-fa|صادق اردشیر لاریجانی}}; born 12 March 1961), more known as Amoli Larijani ({{lang-fa|آملی لاریجانی}}), is an Iranian cleric, conservative politician and the former and fifth head of the judicial system of Iran after the 1979 revolution.

Early life and education

He was born in 1339 solar (1961) in Najaf, Iraq, to Iranian parents. His father, Ayatollah Mirza Hashem Amoli, was an eminent Mujtahid of his time who worked in Najaf after being exiled by Mohammad Reza Shah. The family moved to Iran after the Iranian Revolution in 1979. Larinjani became familiar with both religious sciences and modern sciences as child. He began his primary school in 1345 solar (1966) and finished high school in 1356 solar (1977). Following high school, he began his seminary studies in Qom. He finished his seminary studies in 1368 solar (1989) then began to teach in both seminary and university. He became a member of scientific staffs of Qom University and taught many courses in theology and comparative philosophy.[2] Larijani is a brother of Ali Larijani (Speaker of the Majlis), Mohammad Javad Larijani, Bagher Larijani (Chancellor of Tehran University of Medical Sciences), and Fazel Larijani (Iran's former cultural attachée in Ottawa).[3][4][5]

Career

Larijani served as one of the 12 members of the Guardian Council of the Islamic Republic of Iran for eight years.[6] Described as "relatively junior"[6] or "inexperienced cleric" with "close ties to Iran's military and intelligence agencies",[7] he was appointed head of the judicial system of Iran by supreme leader Ali Khamenei on 14 August 2009.[8]

According to leading Iranian human rights defense lawyer[9] Mohammad Seifzadeh, the head of the Judicial System of Iran is required to be a Mojtahed with significant experience in the field. Larijani, however, was neither an experienced jurist nor a highly ranked cleric and carried the title of Hojjat-ol Eslam up to a few months before his appointment to the post.[10] Larijani's tenure as the Chief Justice Of Iran ended on March 7 2019, when the Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei appointed Ebrahim Raisi to succeed him.

Activities

Shortly after his appointment, Larijani appointed Saeed Mortazavi to the post of deputy prosecutor general of Iran. Mortazavi was prosecutor general of Tehran for more than seven years during which he was involved in murdering and torturing a number of Iranian civilians and activists. One of the high-profile deaths attributed to Mortazavi is that of Canadian-Iranian photojournalist Zahra Kazemi. On 7 September 2009, Iranian police with permission from judiciary system and Tehran General Court entered the office for support of political prisoners and seized all the documents, computers among others. The police refused to give a receipt of the items. The office was organized by Mehdi Karroubi and Mir Hossein Mousavi for supporting the victims of torture in Iranian prisons.[11] On 8 September 2009, Iranian Judiciary, unexpectedly closed and sealed the office of National Confidence Party and arrested Morteza Alviri and Alireza Beheshti and several of the closest allies of opposition leaders Mehdi Karroubi and Mir Hossein Mousavi.[12][13] That same month, the authorities from the Judiciary System began targeting the children of leaders of the opposition groups. For instance, Atefeh Emam, the daughter of jailed activist Javad Emam, the Chief of Staff of Mousavi's campaign, was arrested on 9 September 2009, held in a secret facility and tortured to pressure her to make a "confession" implicating her father. The Judiciary released her after twenty-four hours in the South of Tehran in an inappropriate condition.[14]

Controversies

In 2015, he said it is illegal for the Assembly of Experts to supervise Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei.[15] In 2016, he warned president Hassan Rouhani against voicing opposition to Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei.[16][17][18]

Views

Sadegh Larijani stated that the government does not derive its legitimacy from the votes of the nation.[19] He is a well-known critic of ex-president Mohammad Khatami and his reforms. In March 1998 an article by him attacking Khatami's call for a civil Islamic society and Abdolkarim Soroush's philosophy was published in Sobh newspaper.[20]

Larijani proclaimed:

"We support a society which is based on the spirit of Islam and religious faith, in which Islamic and religious values are propagated, in which every Koranic injunction and the teachings of the Prophet of Islam and the Imams are implemented. It will be a society in which the feeling of servitude to God Almighty will be manifest everywhere, and in which people will not demand their rights from God but are conscious of their obligations to God." [21]

At the same time he considered as leading figure in the sphere of philosophy of law or fiqh.[22]

He also criticizes the views of people — such as Abdolkarim Soroush — who says that while there is a society, or civilization, of Muslims, there is no such thing as an Islamic society or civilization, and that Islam is a spiritual and individual way of life, not an ideology.[23]

Larijani condemned protesters and those who expressed doubts in the 2009 presidential election results, calling the protests "illegal" and any doubts "baseless".[24]

Sanctions

On 23 May 2012, Larijani was put into the sanction list of the European Union, which was published in the Official Journal of the Union.[25] In the journal, it was stated that as head of the judiciary in Iran, he endorsed and allowed harsh punishments for retribution crimes, crimes against God, and crimes against the state.[25][26]

In January 2018, the United States sanctioned Larijani for human rights abuses,[27] which Iran strongly denied.[28]

Works

Ayatollah Sadeq Larijani wrote works in a variety of different fields such as Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), principles of Islamic jurisprudence (Uṣūl al-fiqh), analytic philosophy, philosophy of language, and moral philosophy. He also translated some works into Persian, notably Geoffrey Warnock's Contemporary Moral Philosophy. He also translated a philosophy of science article by Karl Popper. In a number of works he criticises the western point of view from an Islamic viewpoint.[29] In May 2016, The collection of philosophy of principles was represented by him. This collection amounts to 33 volumes and until now just the first and the fifth volume have been published.[30]

Some of the books written by him are as follows:

  • Critics on Theory of Theoretical Limitation and Expansion of Shariah
  • Analytical Philosophy, Designation and Necessity
  • Theories of Meaning[31]

Public image

According to a poll conducted in March 2016 by Information and Public Opinion Solutions LLC (iPOS) among Iranian citizens, Larijani has 37% approval and 29% disapproval ratings and thus a +8% net popularity; while 23% of responders don't recognize the name.[32]

Personal life

Larijani is son-in-law of Grand Ayatollah Hossein Vahid Khorasani,[33] who was one of his teachers in Qom.[4]

References

{{commons}}
1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=The Brothers Larijani: A sphere of power|author=Marsha B. Cohen|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/spotlight/2013/06/2013628374847373.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=May 2013|access-date=21 September 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006203252/http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/spotlight/2013/06/2013628374847373.html|archivedate=6 October 2016|df=dmy-all}}
2. ^{{cite journal|last=Tajgar|first=Reza|title=Tasks of juridicial faculty|number=95}}
3. ^{{cite news|last=Erdbrink|first=Thomas|title=High-Level Feud Bares Tensions in Iran|work=The New York Times|date=5 February 2013|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/05/world/middleeast/high-level-feud-bares-tensions-in-iran.html|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324180926/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/05/world/middleeast/high-level-feud-bares-tensions-in-iran.html|archivedate=24 March 2017|df=dmy-all}}
4. ^1 {{cite news|last=Sahimi|first=Mohammad|title=Nepotism & the Larijani Dynasty|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2009/08/nepotism-the-larijani-dynasty.html|accessdate=11 February 2013|newspaper=PBS|date=20 August 2009|location=Los Angeles|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114182240/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2009/08/nepotism-the-larijani-dynasty.html|archivedate=14 November 2012|df=dmy-all}}
5. ^{{cite news|title=Iran’s president defies supreme leader to safeguard his future|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2013/02/10/265473.html|accessdate=11 February 2013|work=Al Arabiya|date=10 February 2013|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130211082839/http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2013/02/10/265473.html|archivedate=11 February 2013|df=dmy-all}}
6. ^1 Will Iran's 'Kennedys' Challenge Ahmadinejad? By Robin Wright {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090820132326/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0%2C8599%2C1916828%2C00.html |date=20 August 2009 }}. 17 August 2009
7. ^Militarization of the Iranian Judiciary By Mehdi Khalaji, 13 August 2009
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mehrnews.com/en/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=906074|title=Sadeq Larijani to replace Shahroudi as judiciary chief: sources|publisher=|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308195452/http://www.mehrnews.com/en/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=906074|archivedate=8 March 2012|df=dmy-all}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ifex.org/iran/2009/07/28/lawyers_arrested/|title=Authorities continue to arrest human rights lawyers - IFEX|work=IFEX|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016055320/http://www.ifex.org/iran/2009/07/28/lawyers_arrested/|archivedate=16 October 2009|df=dmy-all}}
10. ^{{Cite web|script-title=صادق لاریجانی از نجف تا قوه قضاییه |publisher=sigarchi.com |url=http://sigarchi.com/roznegar/?p=154 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716070133/http://sigarchi.com/roznegar/?p=154 |archivedate=16 July 2011 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,4649785,00.html|title=حمله به دفتر کمیته پیگیری بازداشت‌شدگان ستاد موسوی|work=DW.COM|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090909073506/http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0%2C%2C4649785%2C00.html|archivedate=9 September 2009|df=dmy-all}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/2009/09/090908_op_ir88_karubi_closed_arrest.shtml|title=BBC فارسی - ايران - دفتر کروبی و دفتر حزب اعتماد ملی مهر و موم شد|work=bbc.co.uk|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090910023702/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/2009/09/090908_op_ir88_karubi_closed_arrest.shtml|archivedate=10 September 2009|df=dmy-all}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.radiofarda.com/content/f4_Beheshti_arrested_security_forces/1818276.html|title=علیرضا بهشتى، مشاور مير حسين موسوى بازداشت شد|work=رادیو فردا|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090910045948/http://www.radiofarda.com/content/f4_Beheshti_arrested_security_forces/1818276.html|archivedate=10 September 2009|df=dmy-all}}
14. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/trita-parsi/unforgivable-crimes-in-ir_b_278836.html|title=Unforgivable Crimes in Iran: The Under-Reporting of Deaths|newspaper=huffingtonpost.com|date= 7 September 2009}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://english.aawsat.com/2015/12/article55345842/55345842 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2016-07-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625141325/http://english.aawsat.com/2015/12/article55345842/55345842 |archivedate=25 June 2016 |df= }}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.worldbulletin.net/news/172530/irans-rouhani-warned-against-opposing-supreme-leader|title=Iran's Rouhani warned against opposing supreme leader - World Bulletin|publisher=|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624153935/http://www.worldbulletin.net/news/172530/irans-rouhani-warned-against-opposing-supreme-leader|archivedate=24 June 2016|df=dmy-all}}
17. ^https://www.actualite-news.com/en/component/content/article?id=1756:iran-president-warned-against-opposing-supreme-leader {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617051704/https://www.actualite-news.com/en/component/content/article?id=1756%3Airan-president-warned-against-opposing-supreme-leader |date=17 June 2016 }}
18. ^{{cite journal|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-452005702.html|title=Iran President Warned against Opposing Supreme Leader|date=10 May 2016|publisher=|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911021242/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-452005702.html|archivedate=11 September 2016|df=dmy-all}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.caisuk.com/alm0906.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070730140803/http://www.caisuk.com/alm0906.htm|title=Iran Briefing September 2006 Issue|archivedate=30 July 2007|work=caisuk.com}}
20. ^Sobh newspaper, No 80, Farvardin 1377 (March 1998), p 44.
21. ^Islam and Human Rights, Farhang Jahanpour {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100719072938/http://lass.calumet.purdue.edu/cca/jgcg/2007/sp07/jgcg-sp07-jahanpour.htm |date=19 July 2010 }} Journal of Globalization for the Common Good
22. ^{{harvnb|Chibli Mallat|2007|p=8|introduction to middle eastern law}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.transnational.org/Area_MiddleEast/2007/Jahanpour_Islam-HumanRight.html|title=Islam and Human Rights, Farhang Jahanpour|publisher=|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002080221/http://www.transnational.org/Area_MiddleEast/2007/Jahanpour_Islam-HumanRight.html|archivedate=2 October 2009|df=dmy-all}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=8806180791|title=رئيس قوه قضائيه در جلسه مسئولين عالي قضائي: عده‌اي تلاش كردند با ادعاي واهي تقلب در انتخابات از مدار قانون بگريزند|work=farsnews.com|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912073311/http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=8806180791|archivedate=12 September 2009|df=dmy-all}}
25. ^1 {{cite web|title=Sadegh Larijani|url=http://www.defenddemocracy.org/sadegh-larijani|publisher=Foundation of Defense for Democracies|accessdate=11 February 2013|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140917181510/http://www.defenddemocracy.org/sadegh-larijani|archivedate=17 September 2014|df=dmy-all}}
26. ^{{cite news|title=Council decision 2012/168/CFSP|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2012:087:0085:0089:EN:PDF|accessdate=17 June 2013|newspaper=Official Journal of the European Union|date=24 March 2012}}
27. ^{{Cite web|author=United States Department of the Treasury |date=12 January 2018 |title=Treasury Sanctions Individuals and Entities for Human Rights Abuses and Censorship in Iran, and Support to Sanctioned Weapons Proliferators |url=https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm0250 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113154701/https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm0250 |archive-date=13 January 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy}}
28. ^{{Cite news|last=Smith-Spark |first=Laura |title=Iran threatens 'severe' response to US sanctions against judiciary chief |date=13 January 2018 |publisher=Cable News Network (CNN) |url=http://www.cnn.com/2018/01/13/politics/iran-us-sanctions-intl/index.html |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6wRYVufSP?url=http://www.cnn.com/2018/01/13/politics/iran-us-sanctions-intl/index.html |archive-date=13 January 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy}}
29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/militarization-of-the-iranian-judiciary|title=Militarization of the Iranian Judiciary|publisher=Washington Institute for Near East Policy|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326132450/http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/militarization-of-the-iranian-judiciary/|archivedate=26 March 2017|df=dmy-all}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www7.irna.ir/fa/News/82081108/|script-title=رونمایی از کتاب فلسفه علم اصول اثر آیت الله آملی لاریجانی در قم|trans-title=A book of philosophy, the origin of the teachings of Ayatollah Kamel A'rijani |website=www7.irna.ir|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528203324/http://www7.irna.ir/fa/News/82081108/|archivedate=28 May 2016|df=dmy-all}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hawzah.net/fa/News/View/80239/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C-%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D9%82%D9%88%D9%87-%D9%82%D8%B6%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%87-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%82-%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C|script-title=زندگی نامه رئیس جدید قوه قضاییه به روایت آیت الله صادق لاریجانی|trans-title=Biography: Sadeq Larijani is the new head and a judge on the Supreme Court |website=www.hawzah.net}}
32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ipos.me/polls/2016/05/24/zarif/|title=ظریف محبوب‌ترین چهره سیاسی ایران|work=Information and Public Opinion Solutions LLC|date=24 May 2016|access-date=24 May 2016|language=Persian|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820065610/https://www.ipos.me/polls/2016/05/24/zarif/|archivedate=20 August 2016|df=dmy-all}}
33. ^{{Cite magazine |last=Smyth |first=Gareth |date=25 September 2016 |title=Meet the Larijanis, a power in Iran’s new aristocracy |magazine=The Arab Weekly |issue=74 |page=16 |url=http://www.thearabweekly.com/News-&-Analysis/6494/Meet-the-Larijanis%2C-a-power-in-Iran%E2%80%99s-new-aristocracy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416140337/http://www.thearabweekly.com/News-%26-Analysis/6494/Meet-the-Larijanis%2C-a-power-in-Iran%E2%80%99s-new-aristocracy |archive-date=16 April 2017 |dead-url=no |df=dmy }}
{{s-start}}{{s-legal}}{{succession box | before=Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi|title=Chief Justice of Iran|years=2009–2019|after=Ebrahim Raisi}}{{s-end}}{{The Green Path of Hope|state=collapsed}}{{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Larijani, Sadegh}}

11 : 1961 births|Living people|Iranian expatriates in Iraq|People from Najaf|Combatant Clergy Association politicians|Iranian judges|Members of the Assembly of Experts|People from Amol|Chief Justices of Iran|Members of the Guardian Council|Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom members
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