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词条 Salatiga
释义

  1. Etymology

  2. History

  3. Administration

  4. Geography

  5. Demographics

     Religion   Ethnicity  

  6. Economy

  7. Infrastructure

     Transport  Water supply 

  8. Education

     Tertiary Education  Schools 

  9. Gallery

  10. References

  11. Works cited

  12. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2011}}{{Use British English|date=April 2017}}{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Salatiga
| settlement_type = City
| translit_lang1 = Javanese
| image_skyline = Mt_Merbabu_Salatiga.jpg
| image_caption = Mount Merbabu viewed from Salatiga.
| image_seal = Lambang Kota Salatiga.png
| motto = Çrir Astu Swasti Prajabhyah (Be happy, all the People)
| image_map = Locator kota salatiga.gif
| map_caption = Location within Central Java
| pushpin_map = Indonesia_Java#Indonesia
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Java and Indonesia
| coordinates = {{coord|7|19|29|S|110|32|39.79|E|region:ID|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Indonesia}}
| subdivision_type1 = Province
| subdivision_name1 = Central Java
| established_title = Founded
| established_date = 24 July 750
| established_title1 = Incorporated
| established_date1 = 1 July 1917
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Yulianto
| leader_title1 = Vice Mayor
| leader_name1 = Muh Haris
| area_total_km2 = 56.781
| area_urban_sq_mi =
| area_metro_sq_mi =
| elevation_footnotes = [1]
| elevation_m = 571
| elevation_ft =
| population_total = 183.815
| population_as_of = 2015
| population_footnotes = [1]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_sq_mi =
| population_urban =
| population_metro =
| population_density_metro_km2 =
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = {{nowrap|Ethnic groups}}
| area_code_type = Area code
| area_code = (+62) 298
| registration_plate = H
| blank_name_sec1 = Languages
| blank_info_sec1 = Indonesian
Javanese
Batak
English (by the expat community)

Many other Indonesian languages


| website = www.salatiga.go.id
| footnotes =
| translit_lang1_type1 = Hanacaraka
| translit_lang1_info1 = {{Jav|ꦯꦭꦠꦶꦒ}}
| timezone = Indonesia Western Standard Time
| utc_offset = +7
| registration_plate_type = Vehicle registration
| demographics1_info1 = Javanese
Chinese
Bataks
Sundanese
Melanesians
}}

Salatiga ({{lang-jv|ꦯꦭꦠꦶꦒ}}) is a city in Central Java province, Indonesia. Located between the cities of Semarang and Surakarta, it sits at the foot of Mount Merbabu (3,142 m) and Mount Telomoyo, and has a relatively cool climate due to its elevated position.

Etymology

Salatiga is thought to be named either after the goddess of Trisala, or after the three wrongs done to the first king of Semarang.

In the first explanation, the people of the village celebrate the goddess of Siddhadewi, who is mentioned in the Monolith of Plumpungan. Siddhadewi was also called Trisala, so the village was called Trisala and in the years to come became Salatri and eventually Salatiga.{{sfn|Maharani|2009|p=37}}

The second explanation is based on the story of Ki Ageng Pandanaran, the first regent of Semarang, who was robbed by three muggers, and he thus named the location Salah Telu. Salah means wrong in both Indonesian and Javanese. Telu is Low Javanese for three, spelled is tiga in both the more refined Middle/High Javanese (but pronounced /tigo/ in Javanese respectively /tiga/ in Indonesian). Hence the name Salatiga from Salah Tiga.{{sfn|Maharani|2009|p=38}}

History

The official birth date of Salatiga is 24 July 750 A.D. (the 31st date and 4th year of the Saka calendar). The scroll Monolith of Plumpungan (Prasasti Plumpungan in Sanskrit) by King Bhanu, declares May you be happy! All the people ("Srir = astu swasti prajabhyah") and designated village of Hampran (Desa Hampran) a Perdikan village (Desa Perdikan, meaning a tax-free village).[2] "Çrirastuswasti Prajabyah" is the official motto of Salatiga as written in the government seal.

In 1746, the Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie, VOC) built De Hersteller fort in Salatiga because Salatiga was strategically located at the intersection between Semarang, Surakarta and Magelang.{{sfn|Maharani|2009|p=63}}

On 1 July 1917 the village of Salatiga was designated as a stads gemeente or small town, by the Dutch East Indies government.{{sfn|Maharani|2009|p=42}} In the colonial era, Salatiga was stratified by race. The Europeans live near the city centre, at the Toentangscheweg (Toentang Road) because it leads to Semarang and also near to Dutch plantations in the Salatiga Afdeling.{{sfn|Maharani|2009|pp=48–49}} The Chinese live near the trading centre, the Kalicacing Market, at the Soloscheweg (Solo Road).{{sfn|Maharani|2009|p=52}} The native people live outside the European and Chinese communities.{{sfn|Maharani|2009|p=54}} The education system was divided by race, with different schools for the Europeans, the Chinese and the natives.{{sfn|Maharani|2009|p=49}} Salatiga was led by a burgermeester (mayor), assisted by College van Burgermeester en Wethouders. There was a legislative body, the Stadsgemeenteraad; however, its membership was not proportional, with 8 seats for the Europeans, 1 seat for the Chinese, and only 2 seats for the natives who form the majority of the people.{{sfn|Maharani|2009|p=56}} The birth of Salatiga was accompanied by the world economic depression of the 1930s, so the development of the city was halted, and to solve the increase of the city's spending, the salaries of government officials were cut by up to 15%.{{sfn|Maharani|2009|p=59}} Salatiga had an important economic role as a hinterland to Semarang, providing products from coffee, rubber, cacao, cotton, spices, tobacco, wheat and vegetable plantations to Semarang to be processed.{{sfn|Maharani|2009|p=64}}

Supported by geographical factors, its cool climate, and its luxurious buildings with Indic architecture,{{sfn|Maharani|2009|p=57}} Salatiga's beauty was well-known during the Dutch colonisation, even it was called De Schoonste Stad van Midden-Java (The Most Beautiful City in Central Java).[3]

Administration

Salatiga is divided into four subdistricts (kecamatan): Argomulyo, Tingkir, Sidomukti, and Sidorejo.

Statistics of Salatiga Municipality|2016|p=49}}
Subdistrict Area (km2) Population Population density (persons/km2)
Argomulyo 18.526 43,424 2,344
Tingkir 10.549 42,888 4,066
Sidomukti 11.459 41,871 3,654
Sidorejo 16.247 55,632 3,424
Total 56.781 183,815 3,237

Bordering Salatiga are the following subdistricts:

  • To the North: Pabelan (Pabelan and Pejaten villages) and Tuntang (Kesongo and Watu Agung villages)
  • To the South: Getasan (Sumogawe, Samirono and Jetak villages) and Tengaran (Patemon and Karang Duren villages)
  • To the East: Pabelan (Ujung-ujung, Sukoharjo and Glawan villages) and Tengaran (Bener, Tegalwaton and Nyamat villages)
  • To the West: Tuntang (Candirejo, Jombor, Sraten and Gedangan villages) and Getasan (Polobogo village)

All these districts are located in Semarang Regency, making Salatiga an enclave within Semarang Regency.

Geography

Salatiga is located about 47 km south of Semarang and about 100 km north of Yogyakarta.{{cn|date=January 2013}} Its elevation is between 450–800 metres.[5] Salatiga has a tropical monsoon climate (Am) in the Köppen climate classification with the average rainfall of 2,668 mm per year, the highest temperature in October (24.1°C) and the lowest in January (22.4°C).[1]

{{Weather box
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| location = Salatiga
| Jan high C = 26.4
| Feb high C = 26.6
| Mar high C = 27.1
| Apr high C = 27.7
| May high C = 27.8
| Jun high C = 28.0
| Jul high C = 28.0
| Aug high C = 28.7
| Sep high C = 29.1
| Oct high C = 29.3
| Nov high C = 28.0
| Dec high C = 27.0
| year high C =
| Jan mean C = 22.4
| Feb mean C = 22.6
| Mar mean C = 22.9
| Apr mean C = 23.3
| May mean C = 23.3
| Jun mean C = 23.0
| Jul mean C = 22.6
| Aug mean C = 23.0
| Sep mean C = 23.5
| Oct mean C = 24.1
| Nov mean C = 23.4
| Dec mean C = 22.7
| year mean C =
| Jan low C = 18.5
| Feb low C = 18.6
| Mar low C = 18.8
| Apr low C = 18.9
| May low C = 18.8
| Jun low C = 18.0
| Jul low C = 17.2
| Aug low C = 17.3
| Sep low C = 18.0
| Oct low C = 18.9
| Nov low C = 18.8
| Dec low C = 18.5
| year low C =
| Jan precipitation mm = 390
| Feb precipitation mm = 344
| Mar precipitation mm = 389
| Apr precipitation mm = 279
| May precipitation mm = 204
| Jun precipitation mm = 117
| Jul precipitation mm = 77
| Aug precipitation mm = 52
| Sep precipitation mm = 69
| Oct precipitation mm = 138
| Nov precipitation mm = 264
| Dec precipitation mm = 345
| year precipitation mm =
| unit precipitation days =
| precip days colour =
| Jan precipitation days =
| Feb precipitation days =
| Mar precipitation days =
| Apr precipitation days =
| May precipitation days =
| Jun precipitation days =
| Jul precipitation days =
| Aug precipitation days =
| Sep precipitation days =
| Oct precipitation days =
| Nov precipitation days =
| Dec precipitation days =
| year precipitation days =
| source = ClimateData.org[4]
}}

Demographics

{{Historical populations
| percentages = pagr
| source = 1900–1930,{{sfn|Maharani|2009|p=45}} 1961–1971,[5] 2000–2010,[6] 2015[1]
| 1900 |10000
| 1905 |12000
| 1920 |18895
| 1929 |19192
| 1930 |24397
| 1961 |58135
| 1971 |69184
| 2000 |153036
| 2010 |171067
| 2015 |183815
}}{{As of|2015}}, Salatiga has a population of 183,815, 89,928 of them are males and 93,887 are females.[1]

Religion

{{As of|2015}}, Islam was the most practised religion in Salatiga (78%), followed by Protestantism (16%) and Catholicism (5%). Other religions (Buddhism, Hinduism, Confucianism and aliran kepercayaan) make up less than 1% of the population.{{sfn|Statistics of Salatiga Municipality|2016|pp=110–111}} Salatiga is repeatedly called "one of the most tolerant cities in Indonesia"[7] and is one of the few cities in Java to hold outdoor Christian festivals during Christmas.[8]

Ethnicity

Salatiga is mainly inhabited by the Javanese, with a sizeable minority of Chinese Indonesians and some Bataks from North Sumatra. As a university town, it also hosts an assembly of other ethnicities from as far as Borneo and New Guinea.{{Citation needed|date=May 2018}} In total, there are about 30 ethnicities in Salatiga.[9]

Economy

There is an emerging processing industry that includes textile, tires and animal slaughter in Salatiga. In 2000, this industry contributes 119.76 billion rupiahs to the economy of Salatiga. Salatiga is located at the intersection to and from Semarang, Surakarta and Yogyakarta, benefiting its trade sector. In 2000, the trade sector contributes 109 billion rupiahs to the economy of Salatiga.[10]

Infrastructure

Transport

Salatiga is traversed by provincial road that connects Semarang and Surakarta.{{sfn|Surtiani|2006|p=88}} Tingkir Terminal is the main bus station in Salatiga, serving intercity buses.[11] The Tamansari Terminal serves angkot (share taxis), even though most of the angkot did not stop at the terminal.[12] The Semarang–Solo Toll Road section Bawen-Salatiga was inaugurated on 25 September 2017.[13] There is a plan to build a junction at Pattimura Street, closer to the city centre than the current junction, to prevent Salatiga from becoming a dead city.[14][15]

Water supply

Clean water is supplied by PDAM Salatiga. The water comes from Kaliombo, Senjoyo, Kali Golek Senjoyo, and Kaligetak water springs.{{sfn|Surtiani|2006|p=89}}

Education

Tertiary Education

Salatiga has several universities and colleges:{{sfn|Statistics of Salatiga Municipality|2016|pp=88–90}}

  • Satya Wacana Christian University (UKSW), the largest university in Salatiga with 14 Faculties and 3 Doctoral studies, and 14,000 students and 300 faculty members.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}} It was founded in 1956.[16]
  • State Institute for Islamic Studies Salatiga (IAIN Salatiga), an Islamic College specialising in Education. Now, the largest High Education Institution in Salatiga, which is accept up to 10.000 students per year with FIve Faculty (Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam, Fakultas Syariah, Fakultas Dakwah, Fakultas Ushluhuddin, Adab dan Humaniora dan Sekolah Pascasarjana). Let's join us, Spirituality, Intellectuality, Professionalism [17]
  • Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi (STIE AMA), a private college specialising in Economics

Schools

{{Main|Education in Indonesia}}

There are 96 elementary schools,{{sfn|Statistics of Salatiga Municipality|2016|p=81}} 27 junior high schools,{{sfn|Statistics of Salatiga Municipality|2016|p=83}} 33 senior high schools,{{sfn|Statistics of Salatiga Municipality|2016|p=86}} and 19 vocational schools{{sfn|Statistics of Salatiga Municipality|2016|p=86}} in Salatiga. Schools in Salatiga are normally affiliated with the government, universities, or religious institutions. In the past, state-run schools are generally sought after for their quality and subsidised cost however this had changed significantly.{{cn|date=January 2013}} Students also generally compete by using final examination grades and written examinations to enter the more popular schools.{{cn|date=January 2013}}

Salatiga has one international English-speaking school at elementary and secondary level (Mountainview International Christian School).

Gallery

References

1. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://salatigakota.bps.go.id/webbeta/frontend/linkTabelStatis/view/id/97|title=Salatiga Municipality Population by Age Group and Sex, 2015|publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Salatiga|accessdate=30 March 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330180600/https://salatigakota.bps.go.id/webbeta/frontend/linkTabelStatis/view/id/97|archivedate=30 March 2017|df=dmy-all}}
2. ^{{cite news|last1=Mubarok|first1=Imam|title=Menengok Prasasti Plumpungan, cikal bakal Salatiga|url=https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/menengok-prasasti-plumpungan-cikal-bakal-salatiga.html|accessdate=28 December 2016|work=Merdeka.com|date=30 August 2014|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228195307/https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/menengok-prasasti-plumpungan-cikal-bakal-salatiga.html|archivedate=28 December 2016|df=dmy-all}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=Sejarah Kota Salatiga|trans-title=History of the City of Salatiga|publisher=Government of the City of Salatiga|url=http://pemkot-salatiga.go.id/sejarah_salatiga.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060819145358/http://www.pemkot-salatiga.go.id/sejarah_salatiga.html|archivedate=19 August 2006|language=id}}
4. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=https://en.climate-data.org/location/976296/ |title=Climate: Salatiga |work=ClimateData.org |access-date=31 January 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118094749/https://en.climate-data.org/location/976296/ |archivedate=18 January 2018 |df=dmy-all }}
5. ^{{cite book|url=https://jateng.bps.go.id/website/pdf_publikasi/Laporan-Hasil-Sementara-Sensus-Penduduk-1971-Djawa-Tengah.pdf|title=Laporan Hasil Sementara Sensus Penduduk 1971 Djawa Tengah|publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik|page=15|date=1971|accessdate=3 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404130319/https://jateng.bps.go.id/website/pdf_publikasi/Laporan-Hasil-Sementara-Sensus-Penduduk-1971-Djawa-Tengah.pdf|archivedate=4 April 2017}}
6. ^{{cite news|title=Salatiga Harus Tekan Pertumbuhan Penduduk|trans-title=Salatiga Must Suppress Population Growth|url=http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2010/12/01/09462197/twitter.com|accessdate=3 April 2017|work=Kompas|date=1 December 2010|language=id|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404051827/http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2010/12/01/09462197/twitter.com|archivedate=4 April 2017|df=dmy-all}}
7. ^{{cite news|last1=Munir|first1=Syahrul|title=Salatiga Kembali Raih Predikat Kota Paling Toleran di Indonesia|url=http://regional.kompas.com/read/2017/11/20/12433971/salatiga-kembali-raih-predikat-kota-paling-toleran-di-indonesia|accessdate=28 November 2017|work=KOMPAS.com|date=20 November 2017|language=id|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201044853/http://regional.kompas.com/read/2017/11/20/12433971/salatiga-kembali-raih-predikat-kota-paling-toleran-di-indonesia|archivedate=1 December 2017|df=dmy-all}}
8. ^{{cite book|last1=Seo|first1=Myengkyo|title=State Management of Religion in Indonesia|date=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-51716-4|page=107|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=GWEdAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA107|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916225339/https://books.google.co.id/books?id=GWEdAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA107|archivedate=16 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}
9. ^{{cite news|url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2018/02/24/23103881/indonesia-mini-di-kampus-toleransi-salatiga|title=Indonesia Mini di "Kampus Toleransi" Salatiga|last=Munir|first=Syahrul|work=Kompas|date=24 February 2018|accessdate=13 September 2018}}
10. ^1 {{cite web|title=Kota Salatiga|work=Kompas|date=13 February 2002|url=http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0202/13/NASIONAL/kota08.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020214140039/http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0202/13/NASIONAL/kota08.htm|archivedate=14 February 2002|language=id}}
11. ^{{cite news|last1=Kundori|first1=Moch|title=Dishub Razia Kelaikan Bus Jelang Angkutan Lebaran|url=http://berita.suaramerdeka.com/dishub-razia-kelaikan-bus-jelang-angkutan-lebaran/|accessdate=26 March 2017|work=Suara Merdeka|date=26 May 2016|language=id|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326232357/http://berita.suaramerdeka.com/dishub-razia-kelaikan-bus-jelang-angkutan-lebaran/|archivedate=26 March 2017}}
12. ^{{cite news|author1=Surya Yuli P|title=Pembangunan Terminal Tamansari Sudah Mendesak|url=http://berita.suaramerdeka.com/pembangunan-terminal-tamansari-sudah-mendesak/|accessdate=26 March 2017|work=Suara Merdeka|date=2 February 2017|language=id|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202111358/http://berita.suaramerdeka.com/pembangunan-terminal-tamansari-sudah-mendesak/|archivedate=2 February 2017|deadurl=yes|df=dmy-all}}
13. ^{{cite news|author1=Wisnu Adhi N|title=Jalan tol Bawen-Salatiga diresmikan, hujan mengguyur|url=http://www.antaranews.com/berita/654584/jalan-tol-bawen-salatiga-diresmikan-hujan-mengguyur|accessdate=1 November 2017|agency=Antara|date=25 September 2017|language=id|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107014910/http://www.antaranews.com/berita/654584/jalan-tol-bawen-salatiga-diresmikan-hujan-mengguyur|archivedate=7 November 2017|df=dmy-all}}
14. ^{{cite news|last1=Munir|first1=Syahrul|title=Soal Keindahan "View" Gerbang Tol Salatiga, Ketua DPRD Sebut Tak Penting|url=http://regional.kompas.com/read/2017/06/08/06025371/soal.keindahan.view.gerbang.tol.salatiga.ketua.dprd.sebut.tak.penting|accessdate=1 November 2017|work=Kompas|date=8 June 2017|language=id|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708055506/http://regional.kompas.com/read/2017/06/08/06025371/soal.keindahan.view.gerbang.tol.salatiga.ketua.dprd.sebut.tak.penting|archivedate=8 July 2017|df=dmy-all}}
15. ^{{cite news|last1=Setiawan|first1=Deni|title=Usulan Penambahan Exit Tol di Jalan Pattimura Salatiga Disetujui|url=http://jateng.tribunnews.com/2017/09/22/usulan-penambahan-exit-tol-di-jalan-pattimura-salatiga-disetujui|accessdate=1 November 2017|work=Tribun Jateng|date=22 September 2017|language=id}}
16. ^{{cite news|last1=Michaella|first1=Sonya|title=Toleransi Agama, Tirulah Salatiga|url=http://telusur.metrotvnews.com/news-telusur/zNAvALvb-toleransi-agama-tirulah-salatiga|accessdate=13 April 2017|work=telusur.metrotvnews.com|date=28 December 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413234853/http://telusur.metrotvnews.com/news-telusur/zNAvALvb-toleransi-agama-tirulah-salatiga|archivedate=13 April 2017|df=dmy-all}}
17. ^{{cite web|title=IAIN Salatiga – Institut Agama Islam Negeri Salatiga|url=http://iainsalatiga.ac.id|accessdate=6 November 2017|publisher=Institut Agama Islam Negeri Salatiga}}

Works cited

  • {{cite thesis|last=Maharani|first=Lutvia|url=http://lib.unnes.ac.id/2094/1/4222.pdf|title=Pengambilalihan Kota Salatiga dari Kekuasaan Belanda ke Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945-1950|trans-title=Takeover of Salatiga City from the Dutch to the Government of the Republic of Indonesia in 1945-1950|publisher=State University of Semarang|date=2009|accessdate=28 December 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228091435/http://lib.unnes.ac.id/2094/1/4222.pdf|archivedate=28 December 2016|deadurl=no|language=id|ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book|author=Statistics of Salatiga Municipality|year=2016|url=https://salatigakota.bps.go.id/webbeta/website/pdf_publikasi/Kota-Salatiga-Dalam-Angka-2016.pdf|title=Kota Salatiga dalam Angka 2016|trans-title=Salatiga Municipality in Figures 2016|publisher=Statistics of Salatiga Municipality|issn=2355-3065|accessdate=3 April 2017|language=id|ref=harv|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404130516/https://salatigakota.bps.go.id/webbeta/website/pdf_publikasi/Kota-Salatiga-Dalam-Angka-2016.pdf|archivedate=4 April 2017}}
  • {{cite thesis|last=Surtiani|first=Eny Endang|date=2006|url=http://eprints.undip.ac.id/15530/1/Eni_Surtiani.pdf|title=Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Terciptanya Kawasan Permukiman Kumuh di Kawasan Pusat Kota (Studi Kasus: Kawasan Pancuran, Salatiga)|trans-title=Factors that Influence the Formation of Slum in the City Centre (Case Study: Pancuran Region, Salatiga)|language=id|publisher=Diponegoro University|accessdate=9 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215122317/http://eprints.undip.ac.id/15530/1/Eni_Surtiani.pdf|archivedate=15 February 2017|deadurl=no|ref=harv|df=dmy-all}}

External links

{{portal|Indonesia}}
  • {{Commons category-inline}}
  • {{Wikivoyage-inline}}
  • {{id icon}} {{Official website}}
  • Salatiga historical photo archives
{{Central Java}}{{Authority control}}

3 : Salatiga|Populated places in Central Java|Regency capitals of Indonesia
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