词条 | Salisbury-class frigate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
The Type 61 Salisbury class were a class of four British aircraft direction (AD) (or radar picket) frigates built for the Royal Navy in the 1950s.[2][3] DesignThese ships were related to the Type 41 Leopard-class frigates, but with reduced armament (one twin 4.5 inch mount versus two) to make way for more aircraft direction equipment, particularly the four-ton radar antenna of the Type 965 (AKE-2). Unlike the four Battle-class AD conversions, the primary role of the Type 61 was not operations with fast carrier groups, for which their diesel power plant lacked the speed. The role of the Type 61 was as a seaworthy air ocean surveillance ship and air control ship to escort slow task forces, such as amphibious task forces. By the end of 1978 all had been relegated to non-combat roles, with one sold to Bangladesh. The primary aircraft direction equipment fitted to the Type 61s was initially the Type 960 radar for aircraft warning and Type 982M radar for a degree of 3D cover and better air control over land. The Type 960 radar was replaced by Type 965P at refit as follows:[4]
The Type 965 (AKE-2) had a large "double bedstead" antenna and the Type 982M radar had a smaller "hayrake" antenna. The Seacat missile system was fitted to Lincoln in a long refit from 1966–68 and in Salisbury from 1967-70. It was the same GWS 20 optically guided system being refitted at the time to the Rothesay-class frigates. Llandaff continued to carry the twin MK 5 Bofors until sold to Bangladesh. In the late 1960s Lincoln, Salisbury, Llandaff and the aircraft carriers Ark Royal and Bulwark were all refitted with the new Type 986 radar using the 982 antenna, as a partial substitute for the 984 3D radar capability lost with the phase out of the RN strike carriers. 986 radar was intended to partially replace one of the roles of 984 in giving more accurate, short range definition of closing air targets out to about {{convert|120|km}}, than 965 radar could provide. It was only a partial replacement as it lacked the 984 system's ability to rank and prioritise large numbers of targets for interrogation and air interception. The 965 twin array radar was limited and obsolete by the 1970s;[6] the 986 was a clearer radar with more than the minimal MTI, and capability for tracking air targets over land compared with the solid state 966 version of 965M. 986's usefulness was limited by the slow speed of the Salisbury-class ships, and a policy decision was made in 1974 that only anti-submarine frigates would be operational in the frigate fleet from then on. Therefore, for the rest of the decade Salisbury and Lincoln alternated between the standby squadron and lengthy re-activations, under a number of pretexts. Construction programme
Three further ships of the class were planned. Two of these, intended as {{HMS|Exeter||2}} and {{HMS|Gloucester||2}}, were cancelled under the 1957 Defence Review, while a third, {{HMS|Coventry||2}}, was suspended. It was hoped to order Coventry in 1961, but in the event it was decided to order the planned hull as a {{sclass-|Leander|frigate|2}} that became {{HMS|Penelope|F127|6}}.[11] Footnotes1. ^Gardiner, p. 157 2. ^Purvis,M.K., 'Post War RN Frigate and Guided Missile Destroyer Design 1944-1969', Transactions, Royal Institution of Naval Architects (RINA), 1974 3. ^Marriott,Leo, 'Royal Navy Frigates Since 1945', Second Edition, {{ISBN|0-7110-1915-0}}, Published by Ian Allan Ltd (Surrey, UK), 1990 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite|page=203|first1=Norman|last1=Friedman|title=British Destroyers & Frigates, the Second World War and After|edition=2|publisher=Seaforth Publishing|date=2008|isbn=978-1848320154}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite|page=296|title=Jane's Fighting Ships 1966-67|editor-first=Raymond V B|editor-last=Blackman|date=1966|publisher=Sampson Low, Marston & Co Ltd}} 6. ^N. Freidman. British Destroyers & Frigates. The Second World War & After. Chatham Publishing, UK (2006), p162. 7. ^The term used in Navy Estimates and Defence Estimates is "accepted into service". Hansard has used the term acceptance date. Leo Marriott in his various books uses the term "completed", as does Jane's Fighting Ships. These terms all mean the same thing: the date the Navy accepts the vessel from the builder. This date is important because maintenance cycles, etc. are generally calculated from the acceptance date. 8. ^"Unit cost, i.e. excluding cost of certain items (e.g. aircraft, First Outfits)." Text from Defences Estimates 9. ^1 2 Navy Estimates, 1957-58, pages 234-5, List and particulars of new ships which have been accepted or are expected to be accepted into HM service during the Financial Year ended 31 March 1957 10. ^1 2 3 Moore, George, The dawn of the Salisbury, Leopard and Whitby class frigates in Warship, 2004, pub Conways, 2004, {{ISBN|0-85177-948-4}} page 134. 11. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Gardiner, Robert Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947-1995, pub Conway Maritime Press, 1995, {{ISBN|0-85177-605-1}} page 517. Note that this page of Conway's appears to contains errors concerning the fate of ships. Where either pages 23 of Conway's or Norman Friedman's book contradict page 517 of Conway's, about the fate of vessels of the Salisbury class, then page 517 has been assumed to be less reliable. 12. ^1 2 3 4 Friedman, Norman British Destroyers and Frigates, the Second World War and After, Chatham. London, 2006, {{ISBN|978-1-84832-015-4}} page 338. 13. ^1 2 3 4 5 Navy Estimates, 1959-60, pages 230-1, List and particulars of new ships which have been accepted or are expected to be accepted into HM service during the Financial Year ended 31 March 1959 14. ^Deccan Chronicle, Bangladesh Navy ship docks in city, 19 December 2010 15. ^GMS Weekly, 2 December 2016 Volume 172, Issue 751, Week 49 16. ^1 2 Navy Estimates, 1961-62, pages 220-51, List and particulars of new ships which have been accepted or are expected to be accepted into HM service during the Financial Year ended 31 March 1961 17. ^1 Gardiner, Robert Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947-1995, pub Conway Maritime Press, 1995, {{ISBN|0-85177-605-1}} page 23. References
External links{{Commons category|Salisbury class frigate}}
3 : Frigate classes|Salisbury-class frigates|Ship classes of the Royal Navy |
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