| 词条 | Emil Fischer |
| 释义 |
| name = Hermann Emil Fischer | image =Убеншвуаншвышь.jpg | caption = Hermann Emil Fischer |birth_name=Hermann Emil Louis Fischer | birth_date = {{birth date|1852|10|9|df=y}} | birth_place = Euskirchen, Rhine Province | nationality = Germany | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1919|7|15|1852|10|9}} | death_place = Berlin, Germany | death_cause = | field = Chemistry | alma_mater = University of Bonn University of Strasbourg | work_institution = University of Munich (1875–81) University of Erlangen (1881–88) University of Würzburg (1888–92) University of Berlin (1892–1919) | doctoral_advisor = Adolf von Baeyer{{cn|date=August 2017}} | doctoral_students = Alfred Stock Otto Diels Otto Ruff Walter A. Jacobs Ludwig Knorr Oskar Piloty Julius Tafel | known_for = Study of sugars & purines | prizes = {{Plainlist|
}}Hermann Emil Louis Fischer FRS FRSE FCS (9 October 1852 – 15 July 1919) was a German chemist and 1902 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He discovered the Fischer esterification. He also developed the Fischer projection, a symbolic way of drawing asymmetric carbon atoms. He never used his first given name, and was known throughout his life simply as Emil Fischer.[2][3][4][5] Early yearsFischer was born in Euskirchen, near Cologne, the son of Laurenz Fischer, a businessman, and his wife Julie Poensgen. After graduating he wished to study natural sciences, but his father compelled him to work in the family business until determining that his son was unsuitable. Fischer then attended the University of Bonn in 1871, but switched to the University of Strasbourg in 1872.[6] He earned his doctorate in 1874 under Adolf von Baeyer[6] with his study of phthaleins and was appointed to a position at the university. ResearchFischer is noted for his work on sugars: among other work, the organic synthesis of D-(+)-glucose[7] and purines (including the first synthesis of caffeine). Fischer was also instrumental in the discovery of barbiturates, a class of sedative drugs used for insomnia, epilepsy, anxiety, and anesthesia. Along with the physician Josef von Mering, he helped to launch the first barbiturate sedative, barbital, in 1904.[8] Honours, awards, and legacyIn 1897 he put forward the idea to create the International Atomic Weights Commission. Fischer was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1899.[1] Many names of chemical reactions and concepts are named after him: {{div col|colwidth=35em}}
(Fischer–Tropsch process is named after Franz Emil Fischer a chemist who was no relation, head of the Max Planck Institute for Coal Research in Muelheim.) References1. ^1 {{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316060617/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/fellowship/fellows/ |archivedate=2015-03-16 |url=https://royalsociety.org/about-us/fellowship/fellows/ |publisher=Royal Society |location=London |title=Fellows of the Royal Society}} 2. ^{{cite journal|title= Emil Fischer – Unequalled Classicist, Master of Organic Chemistry Research, and Inspired Trailblazer of Biological Chemistry| author= Horst Kunz| journal= Angewandte Chemie International Edition |volume = 41| pages= 4439–4451 |doi=10.1002/1521-3773(20021202)41:23<4439::AID-ANIE4439>3.0.CO;2-6|year= 2002|issue= 23| pmid=12458504}} 3. ^{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1002/ange.19921041204| title = Emil Fischers Beweis der Konfiguration von Zuckern: eine Würdigung nach hundert Jahren| year = 1992| last1 = Lichtenthaler | first1 = F. W.| journal = Angewandte Chemie| volume = 104| issue = 12| pages = 1577–1593 }} 4. ^{{cite journal|last=Forster|first=Martin Onslow|title=Emil Fischer memorial lecture|journal=Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions|date=1 January 1920|volume=117|pages=1157–1201|doi=10.1039/CT9201701157}} 5. ^Biography Biography of Fischer from Nobelprize.org website 6. ^1 {{DSB|first= Farber|last= Eduard|title= Fischer, Emil Hermann|volume= 5|pages= 1–5}} 7. ^{{cite journal | title = Synthese des Traubenzuckers | pages = 799–805 | first = Emil | last = Fischer | doi = 10.1002/cber.189002301126 | journal = Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft | year = 1890 | volume = 23}} 8. ^{{cite journal |last1=López-Muñoz |first1=Francisco |last2=Ucha-Udabe |first2=Ronaldo |last3=Alamo |first3=Cecilio |date=2005 |title=The history of barbiturates a century after their clinical introduction |pmc=2424120 |journal=Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=329–43 |pmid=18568113 }} External links
}}{{Nobel Prize in Chemistry Laureates 1901–1925}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Fischer, Hermann Emil}} 21 : Hermann Emil Fischer|1852 births|1919 deaths|19th-century German chemists|20th-century German chemists|People from Euskirchen|Carbohydrate chemistry|German biochemists|German Nobel laureates|Nobel laureates in Chemistry|Organic chemists|Stereochemists|University of Erlangen-Nuremberg faculty|People from the Rhine Province|Humboldt University of Berlin faculty|Scientists who committed suicide|Suicides in Germany|University of Bonn alumni|Foreign Members of the Royal Society|Members of the Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art|Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class) |
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