| 词条 | Salmo obtusirostris |
| 释义 |
| image = Softmouth.jpg | status = EN | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref =[1] | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Chordata | classis = Actinopterygii | ordo = Salmoniformes | familia = Salmonidae | genus = Salmo | species = S. obtusirostris | binomial = Salmo obtusirostris | binomial_authority = (Heckel, 1851) | subdivision_ranks = Subspecies | subdivision =
}}Salmo obtusirostris, also known as the Adriatic trout,[2] Adriatic salmon,[1] and softmouth trout,[2] is a species of salmonid fish endemic to the rivers of Western Balkans in southeastern Europe. The scientific name has changed several times through history; synonyms include Thymallus microlepis, Salmothymus obtusirostris and Salar obtusirostris.[2] This species spawns in the early spring and is an obligatory freshwater fish.[2] They are an important game fish.[3] Distribution and subspeciesSalmo obtusirostris is found naturally in four drainages of the Adriatic Sea, in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro: the Neretva-Vrljika system, the Jadro, the Morača-Zeta system and the Krka river drainages.[3][2]In addition, sometimes during 1960's, it has been introduced from the Jadro river to the nearby Zrnovnica river, both being small karst, single river drainages, of very short course, in vicinity of Split.[3] Although the Vrljika belongs to the Neretva River drainage it's a sinking river, divided in several on surface and underground segments, hence separated from the Neretva River in significant manner regarding softmouth trout populations. However, the Vrljika softmouth trout is apparently most similar to the Neretva's subspecies, while some autapomorphies exist in the Vrljika population. The Vrljika softmouth trout appears to have originated from a vicariance that split a common ancestral population into large (Neretva) and small (Vrljika) fragmented populations.[4] The different populations are sometimes classified into subspecies:[2]
Appearance and anatomyThe most obvious characteristic of the Adriatic trout is an elongated snout. It also has a small and flashy mouth, relatively large scales and high body depth.[2] The color of the body varies between subspecies, it is mostly green with red and black dots. There are no vertical stripes that are common in brown trout of the Adriatic Sea drainages that can be found.{{citation needed|date=August 2011}} ConservationAdriatic trout are threatened by excessive damming, hybridization with introduced species and overfishing.[1] In the river Neretva, natural hybrids (named kosor by locals) between Adriatic and brown trout can be found. Hybridization was also confirmed experimentally (Kosorić & Vuković. 1969).{{full citation needed|date=August 2011}} Adriatic trout prefers rivers with more water and wide riverbed. Adriatic and brown trout have different spawning times that overlap only slightly every few years, which is why natural hybridization is not widespread and both species live sympatrically in the same rivers.{{citation needed|date=August 2011}} References1. ^1 2 {{Cite journal | author = Crivelli, A.J. | title = Salmo obtusirostris | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2006 | page = e.T19862A9056634 | publisher = IUCN | date = 2006 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/19862/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T19862A9056634.en | access-date = 15 January 2018}} {{Trouts}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q367301}}2. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite web|url=http://www.balkan-trout.com/studied_taxa_1_softmouth.htm|title=Softmouth trout|publisher=Balkan Trout Restoration Group|accessdate=19 February 2011}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{FishBase|genus=Salmo|species=obtusirostris|year=2007|month=May}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Softmouth trout from the River Vrljika – Salmo obtusirostris ssp.|url=http://www.balkan-trout.com/studied_taxa_1_5_vrljika.htm|website=balkan-trout.com|publisher=Balkan Trout Restoration Group|accessdate=3 April 2015|language=en}} 5 : Salmo|Freshwater fish of Europe|Endemic fish of the Neretva basin|Fauna of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Fish described in 1851 |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。