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词条 Salvadoran Army
释义

  1. Conflicts

     The Football War  The Salvadoran Civil War  The Iraq War 

  2. Organizational structure

  3. Equipment

      Infantry Weapons   Vehicles  Artillery 

  4. Notes

  5. Bibliography

  6. External links

{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2011}}{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name= Salvadoran Army
|image= Salvadoran Army Seal.svg
|caption= Badge of the Salvadoran Army.
|dates= 1824–present
|country= El Salvador
|allegiance=
|branch= Army
|type=
|role=
|size= 14,165[1]
|command_structure=
|garrison=
|garrison_label=
|nickname=
|patron=
|motto=
|colors=
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|march=
|mascot=
|battles=
|anniversaries=
|decorations=
|battle_honours=
|disbanded=
|commander1=
|commander1_label=
|commander2=
|commander2_label=
|commander3=
|commander3_label=
|notable_commanders=
|identification_symbol=
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}}

The Salvadoran Army (Spanish: Ejército Salvadoreño) is the land branch and largest of the Armed Forces of El Salvador. In 2006 the government of El Salvador approached the Israeli ambassador to El Salvador seeking assistance in modernising its army.[2]

Conflicts

The Football War

{{Main|Football War}}

The Football War (also called The Soccer War or 100-hours War) was a term coined by Polish reporter Ryszard Kapuściński to describe a brief conflict between El Salvador and neighbouring Honduras. He argued that the war began after the rival nations traded wins during the qualifying round for the 1970 FIFA World Cup. But this event was not the cause of the war. Tensions had been mounting between both nations for several years because of immigration and economic problems, resulting on the war in 1969. The soccer matches incidents just one of several events that happened during that time. Longstanding tensions between the countries were heightened by media reports on both sides, each accusing the other of hooliganism and violence toward their own football fans. On June 26, 1969, El Salvador dissolved all ties with Honduras, the events were used as a call for nationalist pride for both governments and the media.

On July 14 Salvadoran forces began moving rapidly into Honduras following a series of border clashes. Their progress halted after the Organization of American States (OAS) and the United States brought heavy diplomatic pressure to bear on both governments in an effort to effect a cease-fire.

A ceasefire was ultimately negotiated and signed by July 18, with Salvadoran forces withdrawing from Honduras by August 2 following guarantees of safety for Salvadoran citizens in Honduras by the Honduran government.

The Salvadoran Civil War

{{Main|Salvadoran Civil War}}

By the late 1970s, longstanding socio-economic inequality, human rights violations and the unwillingness of the National Conciliation Party dictatorship to address these problems led to the growth of a social movement. The government responded by assassinating thousands of political opponents and massacring students and protestors on several occasions. The heavy handed response of the government signaled to those identifying with the social movement that peaceful solutions were futile, which led to the growth of an insurgency.

On 15 October 1979, the military government was deposed by a joint military-civilian government calling itself the Revolutionary Government Junta of El Salvador or JRG. The JRG's policies were met with opposition from the military and economic elites and government repression increased, with tens of thousands of civilians being killed in 1980 and 1981 alone. This led to the formation of the FMLN, which brought on a twelve-year civil war.

The Iraq War

{{Main|Iraq War}}

Up to 380 Salvadoran troops, mostly paratroopers, were deployed as part of the Coalition Forces in Iraq between August 2003 and January 2009. They operated alongside the elite Spanish Legion in Najaf. While in Iraq, the Salvadoran contingent suffered 5 dead, and 20 wounded.[3]

Organizational structure

El Salvador is divided into 6 military zones, each of which has its own infantry brigade:

  • 1st brigade (San Salvador)
  • 2nd brigade (Santa Ana)
  • 3rd brigade (San Miguel)
  • 4th brigade (Chalatenango)
  • 5th brigade (San Vicente)
  • 6th brigade (Usulután)

Furthermore, the army has the following units:

  • 1 Special Military Security Brigade consisting of 2 Military Police and 2 border security battalions,
  • 8 infantry detachments with 2 battalions,
  • 1 Engineer Command with of 2 battalions,
  • 1 artillery brigade with of 2 field artillery and 2 anti-aircraft battalions,
  • 1 mechanized cavalry regiment with 2 battalions, and the
  • Special Forces Command with 1 Special Operations Group, and 1 Anti-Terrorism Command.
  • 1 female soldiers battalion on the artillery brigade.

Equipment

{{Refimprove section|date=July 2009}}

Infantry Weapons

NameTypeQuantityOrigin Notes
P227 Handgun {{GER}} All its variants. Used By soldiers and special forces.
P226 Handgun {{GER}} All it's variants including the Sig Sauer X Six SIG P226 X Six. Used By soldiers and special forces.
M9[4] Handgun {{USA}}
CZ 75[4] Handgun Czech Republic}}
92SB[4] Handgun {{ITA}}
FN P35[4] Handgun {{BEL}}
IWI 941[4] Handgun {{ISR}}
G17[4] Handgun {{AUT}} Salvadoran Army's Special Forces and Anti-terrorist Command. Variants that are used: Glock 17, Glock 17C, Glock 17L, Glock 17MB, Glock 17M.
Uzi[4] Sub-machine gun {{ISR}} Uzi submachine gun, Mini-Uzi.
Ingram MAC-10[4] Sub-machine gun {{USA}}
MP5[4] Sub-machine gun {{GER}} MP5SD3, MP5A3, MP5A2, MP5, MP5A1
HK33[4] Assault rifle {{GER}} Including HK53 variant
HK416[4] Assault rifle {{GER}}
FN FNC Assault rifle {{BEL}} versions used: Standard" Model 2000 and Short" Model 7000, used by the Salvadoran Military Police and Paratrooper Battalion
M4 Assault rifle {{USA}} M4 Carbine, Colt M4A1, Colt M4 (original 1993 version), M4 (Colt Model 933), Colt M4 (M162 sights, burst and full auto)
T65[4] Assault rifle {{ROC}}
M16[4] Assault rifle {{USA}} XM16E1, M16A1, M16A2, M16A3, M16A4, M16A1 with A2 handguards. M16A2 (Model 701, 703, 705 (Burst fire/single fire)), Model 711, Model 715 and Model 720 (Burst fire/single fire)). M16A2 Light Machine Gun (LMG). Some M16A1's have M16A2's brass defectors, XM16E1. M16A2 (Model 645), some M16A1's (also with the A2 handguards) have the M16A2 hand-grip. M16A1 with A2 handgrip A2 brass defectors. Also M16A1 with M16A2 handguards have M16A2 brass defectors and M16A1 handgrip.
IMI Galil[4] Assault rifle {{ISR}} Galil AR, Galil SAR, Galil SAR339, Micro Galil, Galil ARM.
Galil ACE Assault rifle {{COL}} ACE 21, ACE 22, ACE 23 (5.56×45mm NATO), ACE 32 (7.62×39mm), ACE 52, ACE 53 (7.62×51mm NATO).
M14[4] Battle rifle {{USA}} Used as ceremonial gun, still used in active service on the Salvadoran Army infantry divisions,
Heckler & Koch G3[4] Battle rifle {{GER}} G3A3, G3A4, G3KA4
M24 Sniper rifle {{USA}}
M21 Sniper rifle {{USA}} Used in the Salvadoran Army Special Forces.
Barrett M82 Sniper rifle {{USA}} Used in the Salvadoran Army Special Forces.
Dragunov SVD Sniper rifle {{RUS}} Used in the Salvadoran Army Special Forces.
M79[4] Grenade launcher {{USA}}
M203[5] Grenade launcher {{USA}} mounted in M16 Rifles (all its variants), M4's, M4A1's and CAR-15's (all its variants).
M60[4] General purpose machine gun {{USA}} M60, M60E2, M60B, M60C M60D. During the civil war some M60's were chopped from the front sights to give a CBQ capabilities.
M2HB[4] Heavy machine gun {{USA}}
HK21[4] General purpose machine gun {{GER}}
FN MAG[4] General purpose machine gun {{BEL}}
M249[4] light machine gun {{USA}} First-generation M249 SAW, M249 Paratrooper.
FN Minimi[4] light machine gun {{BEL}} Minimi Para, FN Minimi.
CAR-15 [4] Carbine {{USA}} Colt Model 933, XM177, GAU-5/A (Colt Model 610), XM177E1 (Colt Model 609), XM177E2 (Colt Model 629), Colt Model 653 (M16A1 Carbine), Colt Model 654 (M16A1 Carbine), Colt Model 654 (M16A1 Carbine), Colt Model 727 (M16A2 carbine), Colt Model 733 (M16A2 Commando), Colt Model 723 "M16A2 Carbine". M16A2 SMG Model 635, XM177-E2 (Colt Model 629), Model 933, Colt Model 629, Colt 9mm SMG DOE (Model 633, US Car 15 Carbine (Colt Model 607), US XM177E1 (Colt Model 619), US XM177E2 GAU-5/A/B (Colt Model 639)).
Colt Canada C7 rifle Assault rifle Canada}} Colt Model 715. Imported from Canada in the 2000s.
MPi-KM Assault rifle East Germany}} Used since 1992 by the special forces.
AK-47 Assault rifle {{RUS}} Used since 1992 by the special forces.
AKM Assault rifle {{RUS}} Used since 1992 by the special forces.
Pistol Mitralieră model 1963/1965 Assault rifle Romania}} Recovered from Gang members.
Diemaco C7A1 LSW Light Machine Gun Canada}} Colt Model 715. Imported from Canada in the 2000s.
AK-63 Assault rifle {{HUN}} Used Since 1992.
Steyr AUG Assault rifle {{AUT}} Used Since the 1990s by the Salvadoran Army Special Forces.
  • RPG-7
  • M40 recoilless rifle
  • M67 recoilless rifle – 379[1]
  • M72A2 LAW – 792[1]
  • C90-CR (M3)
  • M18 smoke grenade
  • M67 grenade

The Salvadoran Army/Navy/Marines/Air Force use the same kind of small arm types.

Vehicles

Note: Sources are circa 1988, while some equipment listed may no longer be in service.

Armoured Fighting Vehicles
Model Image Type Number Origin Notes
AML 90[31] Armoured Car 6 [1][6] {{FRA}}
UR-416[31] Wheeled APC 6[1] {{GER}}
M3 Scout Car[31] Wheeled APC 5 {{USA}}
Cashuat APC 41 {{ESA}}/{{USA}} Based on a Dodge M37. Armour kits and turrets purchased from the United States and applied in El Salvador[37]
VCTA2 Tank Hunter, created by the Salvadoran Military Forces 38 {{ESA}}
BC7A1 APC 4 {{ESA}} Armed with two HS 404 20mm cannons. Also used as Anti-Air vehicle, created by the Salvadorian Military
M113[31] APC 20 {{USA}}
CJ-8 (Scrambler) [31] Armoured Car unknown {{USA}}
M3A1[31] Half-track 5 {{USA}}
HMMWV Light Armoured Car 50[6] {{USA}}
Utility Vehicles
Model Image Type Number Origin Notes
F-Series[7] medium-duty commercial vehicle unknown Japan}} Part of a fleet of 45 new vehicles.
D22[7] pick up unknown Japan}} Part of a fleet of 45 new vehicles.
AIL Storm[44] Light Utility Vehicle 38[1] {{ISR}}
2011 Ford Ranger Light Utility Vehicle 37[8] {{USA}}
Jeep CJ[44] Light Utility Vehicle {{USA}}
M151[44] Light Utility Vehicle {{USA}}
Dodge M37[44] Light Utility Vehicle {{USA}} Mostly converted to Cashuats.[44][37]
M35 truck[44] Medium cargo truck 45 {{USA}}
M809 truck[44] Heavy cargo truck {{USA}}
MAN 630 truck[44] Heavy cargo truck {{GER}}
[9][10][11]

Artillery

Mortars
Model Image Caliber Number Dates Origin Notes
M19[1] 60mm 306 {{USA}}
M29[59] 81mm 151[1] {{USA}}
M74[59] 120mm {{YUG}} Kept in storage.
UB M-52[59] 120mm {{YUG}} Kept in storage.
Field Artillery
Model Image Caliber Number Dates Origin Notes
M101[59] 105mm 8[1] {{USA}}
M102[59] 105mm 24[1] {{USA}}
M56[59] 105mm 18[1] {{YUG}} M101 copy produced in Yugoslavia
105/14 Model 56[69] 105mm 14 {{ITA}} Pack Howitzer
M114[59] 155mm 6 {{USA}}
Anti-Aircraft Artillery
Model Image Caliber Number Dates Origin Notes
Zastava M55[59] 20mm 31[1] {{YUG}} Hispano-Suiza HS.804 copy.
M55 (Self-propelled)[59] 20mm 4 {{YUG}} Truck or half-track mounted M-55.
TCM-20[59] 20mm 4[1] {{ISR}} Twin Hispano-Suiza HS.404s on towed pedestal mount.
[12][13]

Notes

1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 {{cite journal|journal=Military Technology World Defence Almanac|title=El Salvador|year=2005 |publisher=Bonn : Wehr & Wissen|ISSN=0722-3226|page=60}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3229882,00.html|title=El Salvador seeks to copy IDF model|author=Itamar Eichner|publisher=ynetnews.com|date=March 20, 2006}}
3. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2009-02-07-salvador-iraq_N.htm| title=El Salvador withdraws last soldiers from Iraq| date=February 7, 2009 | work=USA Today}}
4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 {{cite web|url=http://www.fas.org/asmp/campaigns/smallarms/lainven.html |title=Latin American Light Weapons National Inventories |publisher=Fas.org |date= |accessdate=2014-08-26}}
5. ^{{cite book|title=World Armies 2008|publisher=Jane's Information Group}}
6. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122134946/http://www.defensasur.com.ar/index.php/centro-america/el-salvador/4876-mas-dinero-para-el-ejercito-salvadoreno|title=Más dinero para el Ejercito salvadoreño|date=January 22, 2015|website=Web.archive.org|accessdate=March 23, 2019}}
7. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ilHS1tOpGQU|title=23NOV2018 MDN ENTREGO VEHICULOS A FT|date=November 23, 2018|accessdate=March 23, 2019|publisher=YouTube}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122120913/http://sansalvador.usembassy.gov/news/2012/07/27.html|title=2012 News - Embassy of the United States San Salvador, El Salvador|date=January 22, 2015|website=Web.archive.org|accessdate=March 23, 2019}}
9. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Military-Vehicles-and-Logistics/El-Salvador-El-Salvador.html| title=Jane's Military Vehicles and Logistics – El Salvador|publisher=Jane's Information Group}}
10. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Armour-and-Artillery/VAL-light-assault-vehicle-Cashuat-El-Salvador.html| title=Jane's VAL Light Assault Vehicle Cashuat|publisher=Jane's Information Group}}
11. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web|url=http://www.country-data.com/frd/cs/el_salvador/sv_appen.html|title=country-data.com > El Salvador > Appendix|website=Country-data.com}}
12. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite web|url=http://www.armyrecognition.com/Amerique_du_nord/El_Salvadore/El-Salvadore_index_equipement.htm| title=ArmyRecognition.com > Index of El Salvador Military Equipment|website=Armyrecognition.com}}
13. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.forecastinternational.com/archive/or/vo0443.htm|title=105/14 Model 56 105 mm Pack Howitzer|publisher=Forecast International|accessdate=July 27, 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211011458/http://www.forecastinternational.com/archive/or/vo0443.htm|archivedate=December 11, 2008|df=mdy-all}}

Bibliography

  • {{cite journal|journal=Military Technology World Defence Almanac|title=El Salvador|year=2005 |publisher=Bonn : Wehr & Wissen|ISSN=0722-3226|page=60}}

External links

  • defenselink.mil
  • nationsencyclopedia.com
  • EL SALVADOR: STANDING TALL
  • (Salvadorian Armed Forces Research & Development Center)
  • [https://land.dfns.net › Land › Machine Gun Armored Patrol Carriers in Central America(Machine Gun Armored Patrol Carriers in Central America)]
  • Anti-Tank Weapons in Mexico & the Northern Central American Triangle)
  • Support and Anti-tank Weapons in Latin America: 90mm and 105mm Recoilless Rifles)
{{Armies in Latin America}}

2 : Military of El Salvador|Armies by country
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