| 词条 | Samaale |
| 释义 |
HistorySamaale is generally regarded as the source of the ethnonym Somali. The name "Somali" is, in turn, held to be derived from the words soo and maal, which together mean "go and milk"—a reference to the ubiquitous pastoralism of the Somali people. Another etymology proposes that the term Somali is derived from the Arabic for "wealthy" (dhawamaal), again referring to Somali riches in livestock.[1] In Somali tradition, received the name Samaale from his father Hiil who blessed him, after a miraculous raid which made the family wealthy overnight. Shariif 'Aydaruus Shariif 'Ali records a tradition that the eponymous ancestor Samaale came from Yemen in the ninth century to settle in the Somali peninsula or Somaliland and founded the Samaale clan.[4] GenealogyMost Somalis trace their origins to Samaale:[1] The eponymous ancestor of majority of Somalis today had 9 sons:
Although Quranyow is part of the Garre confederacy, the sub-clan actually claims descent from Dir, son of Irir, son of Samaale.[8][9] This example does indeed strengthen the Somali saying: "Tol waa tolane", which means "clan is something joined together"[8][9] The same could be said about Gaaljecel, Degodi and Hawadle who have allied themselves to the Hawiye section of Irir in the borders of Somalia,[10][11] the Dabarre and Irrole of Maqarre and the Garre who have allied themselves to the Digil Rahanweyn confederacy and 'Awrmale to the Harti Darood section.[6][7][12] The Rahanweyn (Digil and Mirifle) clan traces descent from a separate patriarch called Sab. Both Samaale and Sab are said to have descended from a forefather named "Hiil", whose is held to be the common patrilineal ancestor of all the Somali clans.[1][13] According to traditions recorded in Shariif 'Aydaruus Shariif 'Ali's Bughyat al-amaal fii taariikh as-Soomaal (1955), the patriarch Samaale arrived in northern Somalia from Yemen during the 9th century and subsequently founded the eponymous Somali ethnic group.[1] According to the British anthropologist and Somali Studies veteran I.M. Lewis, the traditions of descent from noble Arab families related to the Prophet are most probably figurative expressions of the importance of Islam in Somali society.[14][15] Historical publications
See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L2vXPfRsf04C&client=firefox-a|title=A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa|last=Lewis|first=I. M.|publisher=LIT Verlag Berlin-Hamburg-Münster|year=1999|isbn=3-8258-3084-5|location=|pages=11–13|author2=Said Samatar}} {{Somali clans}}2. ^1 2 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XpdAzRYruCwC&pg=PA223&lpg=PA223#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Invention of Somalia|last=Ahmed|first=Ali Jimale|publisher=The Red Sea Press Inc.|year=1995|isbn=978-0-932415-98-1|location=Lawrenceville, NJ|pages=124}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite book|title=Blood and Bone: The Call of Kinship in Somali Society|last=Lewis|first=Ioan. M.|publisher=The Red Sea Press Inc.|year=1994|isbn=978-0-932415-92-9|location=Lawrenceville, NJ|pages=104}} 4. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=esa+pastora+democracy&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=iise&f=false|title=A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa|last=Lewis|first=I. M.|date=1999-01-01|publisher=James Currey Publishers|year=|isbn=9780852552803|location=|pages=12|language=en|quote=|via=}} 5. ^1 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XpdAzRYruCwC|title=The Invention of Somalia|last=Ahmed|first=Ali Jimale|date=1995-01-01|publisher=The Red Sea Press|year=|isbn=9780932415998|location=|pages=131|language=en|via=}} 6. ^1 2 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XpdAzRYruCwC|title=The Invention of Somalia|last=Ahmed|first=Ali Jimale|date=1995-01-01|publisher=The Red Sea Press|year=|isbn=9780932415998|location=|pages=122|language=en|via=}} 7. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XpdAzRYruCwC|title=The Invention of Somalia|last=Ahmed|first=Ali Jimale|date=1995-01-01|publisher=The Red Sea Press|year=|isbn=9780932415998|location=|pages=130|language=en|via=}} 8. ^1 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_8D0gYZZVKEC|title=Voice and Power|last=Hayward|first=R. J.|last2=Lewis|first2=I. M.|date=2005-08-17|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135751753|page=242|language=en}} 9. ^1 The Quranyo section of the Garre claim descent from Dirr, who are born of the Irrir Samal. UNDP Paper in Keyna http://www.undp.org/content/dam/kenya/docs/Amani%20Papers/AP_Volume1_n2_May2010.pdf 10. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0m9yAAAAMAAJ|title=Mending rips in the sky: options for Somali communities in the 21st century|last=Adam|first=Hussein Mohamed|last2=Ford|first2=Richard|date=1997-01-01|publisher=Red Sea Press|isbn=9781569020739|page=127|language=en}} 11. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XpdAzRYruCwC|title=The Invention of Somalia|last=Ahmed|first=Ali Jimale|date=1995-01-01|publisher=The Red Sea Press|isbn=9780932415998|page=121|language=en}} 12. ^Dabarre and Iroole Digil (Rahanweyn) groups in southern Somalia.http://dice.missouri.edu/docs/afro-asiatic/Dabarre.pdf 13. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0m9yAAAAMAAJ&|title=Mending rips in the sky: options for Somali communities in the 21st century|date=1997|publisher=Red Sea Press|isbn=9781569020739|last1=Adam|first1=Hussein Mohamed|accessdate=9 August 2016}} 14. ^I.M. Lewis, A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa, (LIT Verlag Münster: 1999), pp.128-129 15. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9fAjtruUXjEC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA104#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Blood and Bone: The Call of Kinship in Somali Society|last=Lewis|first=Ioan. M.|publisher=The Red Sea Press Inc.|year=1994|isbn=9780932415936|location=Larwenceville, NJ|pages=104–105|accessdate={{Date|2015-09-23}}}} 1 : Somali clans |
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