| 词条 | Samba, Jammu and Kashmir | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
}}{{About|the municipality in India|its namesake district|Samba District}}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Samba, Jammu | nickname = | settlement_type = City, Municipal Committee | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir#India | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jammu and Kashmir, India | coordinates = {{coord|32.57|N|75.12|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = Jammu and Kashmir | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = Samba | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | named_for = Sambyal Clan | government_type = | governing_body = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 1.65 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 384 | population_total = 12,700 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = 7,697 | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = | demographics1_title1 = | demographics1_info1 = | timezone1 = IST | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | registration_plate = | website = | footnotes = | official_name = }}Samba (Municipal Committee) is a city in the only sub-district "Samba Tahsil" of the Samba District in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. With population of about 13 thousand, Samba is the third least populous municipal committee in the district. The total geographical area of Samba (Municipal Committee) is 2 km2 and it is the second smallest city by area in the sub district. The city is divided into 13 wards for which elections are held every 5 years. Among the 13 wards, Samba Ward No. 13 is the most populous ward with a population of 1,702 and Samba Ward No. 11 is the least populous ward with a population of 533.[1] HistoryBefore the formation of Samba District, this town was part of Jammu District. The main industrial area of Bari Brahmana which used to fall under Jammu District has now been included as part of Samba District. The town has a long tradition of involvement in the Army. GeographySamba is located at {{Coord|32.57|N|75.12|E|}},[2] with an average elevation of 384 m (1259 feet). The city of Samba is situated in the range of Shivalik Hills, alongside the National Highway 1-A, on the bank of the Basantar River, at a distance of 40 km from the city of Jammu. Samba District is bounded by Udhampur District to the north, Kathua District to the east, Tehsils Jammu and Bishnah of Jammu District to the west, and the Working Boundary Line of Pakistan to the south. Most of the area of Tehsil Samba is Kandi and rain fed. The area on the southern side downward of the National Highway is irrigated through the Ravi Tawi Irrigation canal network and contributes towards major cereal and vegetable crops, as specially assigned by the Ministry of Water Resources through the Command Area Development Department. A modern industrial complex, the Industrial Growth Center, is established on the bank of the Basantar River. A number of small and medium industrial units have been established and have provided job opportunities, not only to educated unemployed youths but also to skilled and unskilled laborers, by allowing them to start new business ventures in the private sector. ClimateThe climate of the district is sub-tropical. As such, the district is hot and dry in the summer and cold in the winter. As Samba is in the foothills of the mountains, nights are bit cooler than those in the neighboring areas of Punjab. Yearly average rainfall of the city is 800.7 mm. Maximum temperature here reaches up to 45°C and minimum temperature goes down to 5°C.[1] DemographicsThe Samba Municipal Committee has population of 12,700 of which 6,979 (55%) are males while 5,721 (45%) are females, as per report released by Census India 2011. 71% of the whole population are from general caste, 28.57% are from schedule caste and 0.04% are schedule tribes. Child (aged 0-6 years) population of Samba (MC) is 1365, which is 10.75% of the total population.[3] There are 2566 households in the city and on an average 5 persons live in each family.
Religion wise distribution of populationHindus are the largest religious community in the city, followed by Christians. Sikhs are the third largest religious community. Female Sex Ratio (per 1000 males) in Hindus is 826; in Christians is 1063; and in Sikhs is 429.
Population growthPopulation of the city has decreased by -20.2% from 2001 to 2011. In the 2001 census, total population was about 16 thousand. Female population growth rate of the city is -8.1% which is 19.9% higher than male population growth rate of -28%. General caste population has decreased by -27.9%; schedule caste population has increased by 8.5% and child population has decreased by -24.7% in the city during the two censuses.[1] Sex RatioAs of 2011 census, there are 820 females per 1000 males in the city, against state average of 889 females per 1000 males. Sex ratio in general caste is 798, in schedule caste is 876, and in schedule tribe is 250. The Child Sex Ratio is 806 (girls under 6 years of age per 1000 boys of the same age) in the city, compared to the state average of 862. However, overall sex ratio in the city has increased by 177 females per 1000 male during the period of 2001 to 2011. Child sex ratio has also increased by 36 girls per 1000 boys during the same time.[1] LiteracyLiteracy rate of Samba city is 90.45%, higher than the state average of 67.16%. In Samba, Male literacy is 94.52%, while female literacy rate is 85.49%.[3] In total, about 10 thousand people in the city are literate, among them 5,882 are males, and 4,370 are females. Overall literacy rate in the city has increased, between the two censuses of 2001 and 2011, by 2%. Male literacy has gone up by 2%, while female literacy has gone up by 6%.[1] Workers profileIn the census survey, a worker is defined as a person who does business, job, service, cultivator or labour activity. Out of total population, 4,356 (34%) were engaged in work or business activity. Of this 3,885 were males, while 471 were females. In terms of total population, 56% male and 8% female population are working population. Of the total working population, 91.80 % were engaged in Main Work, while 8.20 % of the total workers were engaged in Marginal Work. 51% of total male population are main (full time) workers, and 4% are marginal (part time) workers. For women, 7% of total female population are main workers and 1% are marginal workers.[1][3] Places to visitMansar Lake is located on the Samba - Udhampur Road at a distance of 22 km from Samba. The Mansar Lake is surrounded by small hills with different Hindu temples and also attracts a large number of tourists as well as religious pilgrims in the area. A tourist complex comprising five tourist huts and rooms situated on the bank of the lake provides accommodation to the visitors. The state government has also established a development authority known as the Surinsar-Mansar Development Authority which is responsible for implementation of tourism developmental projects in all four tourist places. It is believed that both Mansar and Surinsar Lake is connected beneath.{{fact|date=February 2019}} Religious DestinationsPurmandal is a village located 39 kilometers away from Jammu that is connected with Samba via the Purmandal - Utterbani - Vijaypur road. Purmandal is known as "Chotta Kashi", having old Shiva temples, which has religious importance, and surrounded by the Shivalik Hills. Utterbani is another village situated on the bank of Devika and has historic temples located 5 kilometers from Purmandal. The temple Aap Shambhu Mandir is located in Jammu. Chichi Mata Mandir, a temple located within Samba, is one of the shaktipeeths where Goddess Sati's little finger fell. Terrorist strikeOn the 9th of May in 2008, two terrorists crossed the fenced border into Samba. Two days later, the terrorists took three hostages in a home (a mother with two children). A gun battle ensued between six Garhwal Rifles supported by BSF, and the terrorists, lasting almost 12 hours, before the terrorists were killed. Five people, including two Jawans (of 6 Garhwal Rifles and 20 Jammu & Kashmir Rifles) and one photojournalist, Ashok Sodhi, were killed in the battle. The situation remained tense the next day, when the 6 Garhwal Rifles again spotted another terrorist in Samba and killed him. As a result, massive counter-terrorism operations continued for several days to flush out any terrorists possibly in hiding. BSF suspected that approximately 10 other terrorists sneaked into India on the 9th of May. The IB blamed the BSF, and has told the Centre that terrorists are exploiting the fact that BSF sometimes lower their vigilance during lulls of action. On 26 September 2013, another terrorist attack occurred when militants impersonating Army personnel attacked the Hiranagar police station. After the attack, the militants commandeered a truck to Samba, located 18 km from Hiranagar. The militants entered the army cantonment and opened fire. In a day-long operation and combat search, all three militants were killed. Twelve others, including a lieutenant colonel, were also killed in this incident.[4] Higher educational institutes in Samba
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{Cite web|url=https://indikosh.com/city/7969/samba|title=Samba (MC) Municipal Committee|website=indikosh.com|access-date=2019-03-14}} 2. ^Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Samba 3. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/800079-samba-jammu-and-kashmir.html|title=Samba Municipal Committee City Population Census 2011-2019 {{!}} Jammu and Kashmir|website=www.census2011.co.in|access-date=2019-03-14}} 4. ^http://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/india/national-india/militants-kill-12-in-jk-ahead-of-manmohan-sharif-talks/articleshow/23102136.cms 1 : Cities and towns in Samba district |
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