1. History

2. Geography

3. Economy and tourism

4. Notes

5. References

6. External links

Sandown Bay is a broad open bay which stretches for much of the length of the Isle of Wight's southeastern coast. It extends {{convert|8 + 1/2|mi}} from Culver Down and Yaverland in the northeast to just south of Shanklin in the southwest, near the village of Luccombe.^[1] Near Luccombe, the bay is separated from The Undercliff by a large headland from which Upper Ventnor sits atop. The towns of Shanklin, Lake and Sandown are located on the bay's coast, while Luccombe and Upper Ventnor feature panoramic views across both Sandown Bay to the East and the Undercliff to the southwest. Due to the bay being relatively sheltered from offshore winds it is often used as temporary anchorage point for boats,^[2] including large cargo ships, before continuing east towards Continental Europe, or north towards The Solent.

History

In the past, the bay had a large military importance as the wide beach offered a good landing-point for an armed invasion of the island. To protect against a French or Spanish invasion Henry VIII built Sandown Castle in the centre of the bay as part of his chain of coastal defences to protect the South-Coast of England. However, the castle was still under construction during the French invasion of the Isle of Wight of 1545 when it was overwhelmed.^[2] This castle fell into disrepair due to coastal erosion and was demolished in 1631, though the remains of the foundations of the castle are still visible along the shore at low tide.^[2] Sandown Fort, also known as the Diamond Fort after its arrow-headed bastions, this was built using the remains of the old castle further up the coast.^[2]

As a result of its sandy beach and good weather, Sandown and Shanklin grew rapidly in the Victorian era as tourists from across both the Island and the country came to enjoy the seaside thanks to new the transportation connections of the railway and paddle steamers.^[3] This transformed a relatively sparsely populated area into bustling seaside resorts, new developments included a large promenade, large seafront Victorian hotels and the 875 foot Sandown Pier (originally 360 ft when opened in 1879).^[4] A lot of Victorian-influenced architecture can still be seen throughout the bay.

Geography

Sandown Bay is an excellent example of a concordant coastline and has well-developed sandy beaches stretching all the way from Shanklin to Culver Down due to Longshore drift.^[5] The bay has over 5 miles of unbroken sandy beach, making it one of the longest beaches in the British Isles.^[6] The area has weak sandstone cliffs which vary from {{convert|30|to|130|ft|m|round=5}}, these have suffered from erosion and instability in the past. The risk of cliff-failures affecting populated tourist areas led the Isle of Wight Council to commission a report and an extensive structural stabilisation programme in 1988.^[7]

The bay is best viewed from Culver Down to the north. The Isle of Wight Coastal Path follows the whole bayline either along the cliff top to the south of Sandown or the concrete seawall north of Sandown.^[8]

The bay itself has a seabed consisting of a mixture of sand, shells and gravel with shallow waters out till about {{convert|1/4|nmi|ft m|spell=in|adj=pre|of a}}.^[9] The total area of the bay is {{convert|5|sqmi|sqkm}}.^[6]

Economy and tourism

The economy of the bay is dominated by retail and hospitality sectors due to the large amount of tourism it receives, an estimate of 500,000 visitors annually, though the average earnings of people living around the bay are approximately 10% below the national average.^[6] A local action-plan, the Bay Area Action Plan, has been set up in 2016 for the development of the bay for the next 15 years. It plans to get local and national funding with the aim to improve public spaces and increase the level of tourism.^[6] The bay has a combined total of 21,374 inhabitants.^[10]

Notes

• {{Note|a}} From the Beautiful Britain series, The Isle of Wight, by G. E. Mitton, 1911. Caption: The white cliffs of Culver Down are the eastward end of the rib of chalk which has its other extremity at the Needles.

References

External links

• IOW Council information – Yaverland
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090418212712/http://www.iwight.com/just_visiting/beaches/sandown.asp IOW Council information – Sandown]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090324050504/http://www.iwight.com/just_visiting/beaches/shanklin.asp IOW Council information – Shanklin]

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