| 词条 | Sandusky, Ohio | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Sandusky, Ohio |settlement_type = City |nickname = |image_skyline = Sandusky Ohio aerial view.jpg |imagesize = 250px |image_caption = |image_flag = |image_seal = Sandusky Seal.png |image_map = OHMap-doton-Sandusky.png |mapsize = 250px |map_caption = Location in the state of Ohio |image_map1 = Map of Erie County Ohio Highlighting Sandusky City.png |mapsize1 = 250px |map_caption1 = Location of Sandusky in Erie County |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_name1 = Ohio |subdivision_name2 = Erie |government_footnotes = [1] |government_type = City Commission |leader_title = President |leader_name = Dennis Murray (D) |leader_title1 = Vice President |leader_name1 = Richard Brady |leader_title2 = Commissioners |leader_name2 = Nikki Lloyd Greg Lockhart C. Wesley Poole Naomi R. Twine Dave Waddington |unit_pref = Imperial |area_footnotes = [2] |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 56.75 |area_land_km2 = 25.20 |area_water_km2 = 31.55 |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |population_as_of = 2010 |population_est = 25346 |pop_est_as_of = 2014[2] |population_footnotes = [4] |population_total = 25793 |population_density_km2 = 1006.2 |population_density_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_metro = 77079 |postal_code_type = ZIP codes |postal_code = 44870-44871 |area_code = 419/567 |timezone = EST |utc_offset = -5 |timezone_DST = EDT |utc_offset_DST = -4 |coordinates = {{coord|41|26|48|N|82|42|33|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}} |elevation_m = 182 |elevation_ft = 597 |website = {{URL|www.ci.sandusky.oh.us}} |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = 39-70380[3] |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = 1076832[4] |footnotes = |established_title = Founded |established_date = 1816 |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |}} Sandusky {{IPAc-en|s|æ|n|ˈ|d|ʌ|s|k|iː}} is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Erie County.[5] Situated in northern Ohio on the shores of Lake Erie, Sandusky is midway between Toledo to the west and Cleveland to the east. According to 2010 census, the city had a population of 25,793,[6] and the Sandusky, Ohio Micropolitan Statistical Area had 77,079 residents.[7] In 2011, Sandusky was ranked No. 1 by Forbes as the "Best Place to Live Cheaply" in the United States.[8] The city has a median family income of $64,000.[8] Sandusky is home to the Cedar Fair Entertainment Company and its flagship amusement park, Cedar Point. Cedar Point has one of the largest collections of roller coasters in the world.[9] Cedar Point includes 17 roller coasters.[10] It is home to the second tallest roller coaster in the world, the Top Thrill Dragster. The National Arbor Day Foundation has designated Sandusky as a Tree City USA. EtymologyThe accepted etymology is that the name "Sandusky" is derived from the Wyandot word saundustee, meaning "water"[11] or andusti, "cold water".[12] In his 1734 history of New France, Charlevoix transliterated the word as "Chinouski". Sandusky Bay is identified as "Lac (Lake) Sandouské" on a 1718 map by Guillaume DeLisle.[13] The name "L.(Lac) Sandoski" appears on a 1733 map.[14] Sandusky Bay was also called Lac Ondaské, in another French transliteration of the Wyandot.[18] It was used as the name of an English trading post on the north side of the bay, a French Fort Sandoské that replaced it, a British Fort Sandusky on the south shore of the bay, and an American Fort Sandusky upriver at what is now Fremont; the fort was renamed as Fort Stephenson.[18] History{{Refimprove section|date=August 2013}}This area was a center of trading and fortifications since the 18th century: the English, French, and Americans had trading posts and forts built on both the north and south sides of Sandusky Bay.[15] Development by European Americans of the city of Sandusky, starting in 1818, on the southeast shore of Sandusky Bay, followed settlement of the war of 1812. Part of the city quickly enveloped the site of an earlier small village named "Portland" (established about 1816). Eventually the city of Sandusky encompassed most of the entire township that had been called Portland.[16] Some of the city was built on land formerly occupied by a Native-American man named Ogontz, and therefore the city is said to have been built on "Ogontz' place". Prior to the abolition of slavery in the United States, Sandusky was a major stop for refugee slaves on the Underground Railroad, as some would travel across Lake Erie to reach freedom in Canada. Although Ohio was a free state, they felt at risk from slavecatchers because of bonuses offered under the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850. As depicted in Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel Uncle Tom's Cabin (1855), many refugee slaves seeking to get to Canada made their way to Sandusky, where they boarded boats crossing Lake Erie to the port of Amherstburg in Ontario. Sandusky‘s original plat was designed by surveyor Hector Kilbourne according to a modified grid plan, known today as the Kilbourne Plat. Kilbourne later became the first Worshipful Master of the first Sandusky Masonic Lodge known as Science Lodge #50, still in operation on Wayne Street. His design featured a street grid with avenues cutting diagonally to create patterns reminiscent of the symbols of Freemasonry. On September 17, 1835, Sandusky was the site of groundbreaking for the Mad River and Lake Erie Railroad, which brought change to the town. Industrial areas developed near the railroad and goods were transported through the port. The coal docks located west of downtown still use a portion of the original MR&LE right-of-way. But since the late 20th century, Battery Park Marina was developed on the original site of the MR&LE Railroad after restructuring of the industry reduced traffic on the line. The tracks that ran through downtown Sandusky have since been removed. Most of the downtown industrial area is also being redeveloped for other purposes, including mainly marina dockage. The English author Charles Dickens visited the city in 1842, and briefly wrote of it in his subsequent travelogue, American Notes. Said Dickens, who rode the newly constructed MR&LE railroad from Tiffin, "At two o'clock we took the railroad; the travelling-on which was very slow, its construction being indifferent, and the ground wet and marshy; and arrived at Sandusky in time to dine that evening. We put up at a comfortable little hotel on the brink of Lake Erie, lay there that night, and had no choice but to wait there next day, until a steamboat bound for Buffalo appeared. The town, which was sluggish and uninteresting enough, was something like the back of an English watering-place out of the season." The city developed as a center of paper-making. With a mill in the industrial area near the lake, the Hinde & Dauch Paper Company was the largest employer in the city in the early 1900s. GeographyGeographySandusky is located at {{Coord|41|26|48|N|82|42|33|W|type:city}} (41.446741, -82.709092).[17] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|21.91|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|9.73|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|12.18|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.[18] Sandusky occupies the defunct township Portland[19] and borders the following townships:
ClimateSandusky has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfa), typical of much of the central United States, with very warm, humid summers and cold winters. Winters tend to be cold, with an average January high temperature of 32 °F (0 °C), and an average January low temperature of 19 °F (−7 °C), with considerable variation in temperatures. Sandusky averages 28.4 inches (721.4 mm) of snow per winter.[20] Summers tend to be warm, sometimes hot, with an average July high temperature of 82 °F (28 °C), and an average July low temperature of 66° (19 °C). Summer weather is more stable, generally humid with thunderstorms fairly common. Fall usually is the driest season with many clear warm days and cool nights. The highest recorded temperature in Sandusky of 105 °F (41°C) was set on July 14, 1936, and the lowest recorded temperature of −20 °F (−29 °C) was set on January 19, 1994.[21] {{Clear}}|location = Sandusky, Ohio |single line = Y |Jan record high F = 73 |Feb record high F = 72 |Mar record high F = 84 |Apr record high F = 90 |May record high F = 93 |Jun record high F = 103 |Jul record high F = 105 |Aug record high F = 105 |Sep record high F = 99 |Oct record high F = 93 |Nov record high F = 82 |Dec record high F = 73 |year record high F= 105 |Jan high F = 32.2 |Feb high F = 35.0 |Mar high F = 44.3 |Apr high F = 55.9 |May high F = 67.4 |Jun high F = 77.2 |Jul high F = 81.8 |Aug high F = 79.9 |Sep high F = 73.4 |Oct high F = 61.8 |Nov high F = 49.1 |Dec high F = 37.2 |year high F= 57.9 |Jan low F = 18.9 |Feb low F = 21.0 |Mar low F = 29.5 |Apr low F = 39.6 |May low F = 51.3 |Jun low F = 61.2 |Jul low F = 65.7 |Aug low F = 64.0 |Sep low F = 56.9 |Oct low F = 45.7 |Nov low F = 36.0 |Dec low F = 25.1 |year low F= 42.9 |Jan record low F = −20 |Feb record low F = −7 |Mar record low F = −7 |Apr record low F = 14 |May record low F = 30 |Jun record low F = 38 |Jul record low F = 41 |Aug record low F = 45 |Sep record low F = 34 |Oct record low F = 24 |Nov record low F = 3 |Dec record low F = −16 |year record low F= −20 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation inch = 1.87 |Feb precipitation inch = 1.72 |Mar precipitation inch = 2.51 |Apr precipitation inch = 3.03 |May precipitation inch = 3.42 |Jun precipitation inch = 4.19 |Jul precipitation inch = 3.34 |Aug precipitation inch = 3.65 |Sep precipitation inch = 3.16 |Oct precipitation inch = 2.30 |Nov precipitation inch = 2.73 |Dec precipitation inch = 2.54 |year precipitation inch= 34.46 |Jan snow inch = 8.8 |Feb snow inch = 6.0 |Mar snow inch = 3.0 |Apr snow inch = 0.6 |May snow inch = 0 |Jun snow inch = 0 |Jul snow inch = 0 |Aug snow inch = 0 |Sep snow inch = 0 |Oct snow inch = 0 |Nov snow inch = 0.3 |Dec snow inch = 4.6 |year snow inch= 23.3 |unit precipitation days = 0.01 in |Jan precipitation days = 10.8 |Feb precipitation days = 9.4 |Mar precipitation days = 11.0 |Apr precipitation days = 12.3 |May precipitation days = 12.1 |Jun precipitation days = 11.2 |Jul precipitation days = 9.7 |Aug precipitation days = 9.7 |Sep precipitation days = 10.1 |Oct precipitation days = 10.2 |Nov precipitation days = 11.8 |Dec precipitation days = 12.0 |year precipitation days= 130.4 |unit snow days = 0.1 in |Jan snow days = 6.2 |Feb snow days = 4.2 |Mar snow days = 2.1 |Apr snow days = 0.4 |May snow days = 0 |Jun snow days = 0 |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 0 |Oct snow days = 0 |Nov snow days = 0.5 |Dec snow days = 3.6 |year snow days= 16.8 |source 1 = Midwestern Regional Climate Center (normals 1971−2000)[22] |source 2 = Weather Channel (extremes)[21] |date=August 2010 }} Local areas{{unreferenced section|date=August 2013}}Historically, the Wyandot used the term andoske to refer to the river, the bay, and the general area where the city of "Sandusky" later developed. This practice was also used by French and English settlers in the area. Often in historical documents, the word "Sandusky" is used without clarification as to which specific site or location is being referred to. Historical references to "Sandusky" might mean any one of the following locations, depending also on the date of the reference.[23] List of locations, with approximate dates of usage:
Demographics{{US Census population|1830= 593 |1840= 1433 |1850= 5087 |1860= 8408 |1870= 13000 |1880= 15838 |1890= 18471 |1900= 19664 |1910= 19989 |1920= 22897 |1930= 24022 |1940= 24874 |1950= 29375 |1960= 31989 |1970= 32674 |1980= 31360 |1990= 29764 |2000= 27844 |2010= 25793 |estyear=2017 |estimate=24845 |estref=[24] |footnote=Sources:[3][25][26][27] }} 2010 census
As of the census[28] of 2010, there were 25,793 people, 11,082 households, and 6,415 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|2650.9|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 13,386 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1375.7|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 70.4% White, 22.0% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 1.1% from other races, and 5.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.9% of the population. There were 11,082 households of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.9% were married couples living together, 19.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 42.1% were non-families. 35.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.93. The median age in the city was 38.5 years. 23.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.2% were from 25 to 44; 27.7% were from 45 to 64; and 15% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.6% male and 52.4% female. 2000 census
As of the census[3] of 2000, there were 27,844 people, 11,851 households, and 7,039 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,770.5 people per square mile (1,069.7/km²). There were 13,323 housing units at an average density of 1,325.7 per square mile (511.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 74.50% White, 21.08% African American, 0.29% Native American, 0.26% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.97% from other races, and 2.88% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.09% of the population. There were 11,851 households out of which 28.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.7% were married couples living together, 16.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.6% were non-families. 34.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.99. In the city the population was spread out with 25.8% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.2 males. The median income for a household in the city was $31,133, and the median income for a family was $37,749. Males had a median income of $31,269 versus $21,926 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,111. About 12.2% of families and 15.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.7% of those under age 18 and 10.2% of those age 65 or over. TourismSandusky has a tourism industry fueled by Cedar Point, the neighboring islands, boating, and more recently by its many indoor and outdoor water parks.{{citation needed|date=August 2013}} It is also noted for being the location of the (fictional) "Callahan Auto Parts" in the movie Tommy Boy. Cedar Point{{unreferenced section|date=August 2013}}{{Main|Cedar Point}}In 1870, Louis Zistel, a local businessman, opened a beer garden, bathhouse, and dance floor on the Cedar Point Peninsula. Over the years, the area became a more and more popular destination for relaxation and leisure. In 1892, the park's first roller coaster, the Switchback Railway, was built. A hotel called the Bay Shore Hotel was opened in 1899. Cedar Point's second roller coaster, the Figure-Eight Roller Toboggan, opened in 1902. As the years went on, more and more rides and attractions were added to the park, including midway games. Before 1914, the park could only be reached by steamboat, but in that year a roadway was opened connecting the park to the mainland and Sandusky's major roadways. The Cedar Point Marina, one of the largest on the Great Lakes, was completed in 1959. In 1964, Blue Streak, a wooden roller coaster, was built and named for the local high school's mascot. It is currently the park's oldest operating roller coaster. In the latter half of the twentieth century, Cedar Point shattered countless roller coaster records with rides like Corkscrew (first coaster with three or more inversions), Gemini (tallest and fastest roller coaster in the world when constructed in 1978), Magnum XL-200 (tallest and fastest roller coaster in the world when constructed in 1989), Mean Streak (tallest and fastest wooden roller coaster in the world when constructed in 1991), Raptor (tallest and fastest inverted roller coaster in the world when constructed in 1994), and Mantis (tallest and fastest stand-up roller coaster in the world when constructed in 1996). In 2000, Millennium Force was built, at {{convert|310|ft}} tall, and {{convert|93|mph}} top speed. In 2003, Cedar Point debuted Top Thrill Dragster. When it was built it was the tallest ({{convert|420|ft|m|disp=or|abbr=on}}) and the fastest ({{convert|120|mph|disp=or|abbr=on}}) roller coaster in the world. Cedar Point brought its roller coaster total to 17 in 2007 with the construction of Maverick. The park has been known for several years for having the most roller coasters and amusement rides in the world. It has long been nicknamed "America's Roller Coast". It has also been ranked the best amusement park in the world by the Golden Ticket Awards for 15 consecutive years. In 2013, Cedar Point added a 16th coaster called Gatekeeper. It broke records for the tallest, fastest, longest, and steepest winged coaster as of 2013. Islands/boatingMay through August every year, Sandusky residents and incoming tourists flock to the neighboring islands north of the city, with many transportation options leaving right from downtown. The islands include Kelleys Island, South Bass Island (host of the popular village known as Put-in-Bay), Middle Bass Island and North Bass Island. Themed parties are a common occurrence in the summer season throughout Sandusky and on the neighboring islands, such as "Island Fest", "Rock on the Dock", and "Christmas in July"; thousands of residents and tourists join in the festivities annually. In 2008, the residents of Sandusky hosted their first annual "Barge Party", where boats from as far as Toledo and Cleveland came to dock up their boats together at the sandbar, just inside Sandusky Bay.[29] The barge party ensues twice every year, typically in late June and late July.[29] Waterparks{{unreferenced section|date=August 2013}}The tourist draw produced by Cedar Point has attracted resort businesses and waterparks to the area. Major waterparks in and near Sandusky are: Outdoor
Transportation{{See also|Sandusky (Amtrak station)}}Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service to Sandusky. There are four trains daily, all arriving in the late night/early morning hours: the Capitol Limited between Chicago and Washington, D.C., via Pittsburgh; and the Lake Shore Limited between Chicago and New York/Boston via Buffalo. There is also an ongoing (as of January 2011)[30] study into the possibility of commuter rail to Cleveland.[31]A Greyhound Lines bus station is located on Route 101 at Route 2 south of Sandusky in Margaretta Township. Several ferry boats and routes serve Sandusky. These depart from the Jackson Street Pier, except Jet Express which departs from an adjacent pier.
EducationSandusky Public Schools enroll 3,775 students in public primary and secondary schools.[32] The district operates 10 public schools including six elementary schools, two middle schools, and two high schools. The city also contains one private Roman Catholic school, St. Mary Central Catholic High School. Sandusky is served by the Sandusky Library, which also operates a branch on Kelleys Island.[33] MediaSandusky (along with nearby Port Clinton and the Lake Erie Islands - known in the region collectively as "Vacationland")[34] is served by a daily newspaper, the Sandusky Register, and ten local radio stations. BAS Broadcasting (based in nearby Fremont) owns and operates WCPZ FM 102.7 (hot AC), WMJK FM 100.9 (country), WOHF FM 92.1 (classic hits), WFRO-FM FM 99.1 (AC), and WLEC AM 1450 (oldies/standards).[35] Religious stations include WVMS FM 89.5 (run by the Moody Bible Institute as a relay of WCRF FM in Cleveland) and WGGN FM 97.7 which plays contemporary Christian music, in addition to WHRQ 88.1 FM (as a repeater of WNOC "Annunciation Radio" based in Toledo) airing programming from EWTN Global Catholic Radio. Elyria-Lorain Broadcasting Co. operates three stations serving the "Vacationland" region, including WKFM FM 96.1 (country), WLKR-FM 95.3 (adult hits/sports) and WLKR AM 1510 (classic hits).[36]Sandusky has two local television stations, religiously oriented WGGN-TV channel 52 (DTV 42) and the silent W41AP. Sandusky's location between Toledo and Cleveland means that the city is also served by stations (albeit at a fringe level) in both of those markets as well. EconomyTop employersAccording to Sandusky's 2017 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[37] the top employers in the city are:
==Notable people== {{div col|colwidth=22em}}
References1. ^{{cite web|title=City Commission Meet Your Commissioners|publisher=City of Sandusky|url=http://www.ci.sandusky.oh.us/city-commission/commissioners.htm|accessdate=January 16, 2016}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2014/SUB-EST2014.html|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014|accessdate=June 4, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150523034651/https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2014/SUB-EST2014.html|archivedate=May 23, 2015|df=}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=American FactFinder}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=United States Geological Survey|date=2007-10-25}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|accessdate=2011-06-07|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}} 6. ^{{cite web| url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US3970380| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Sandusky city, Ohio| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| accessdate=March 8, 2016}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/main.html |title=American FactFinder |website=Factfinder2.census.gov |date= |accessdate=2017-02-27}} 8. ^1 {{cite news| url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/danielfisher/2011/08/10/best-places-to-live-cheaply-2/ | title=Best Places To Live Cheaply | work=Forbes | first=Daniel | last=Fisher | date=2011-08-10}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.cedarpoint.com/play/rides-coasters|title=Roller Coasters {{!}} Adrenaline Rush Activities {{!}} Cedar Point|website=www.cedarpoint.com|language=en|access-date=2017-09-13}} 10. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.today.com/money/top-10-tallest-roller-coasters-usa-t22796|title=Top 10 tallest roller coasters in America|last=TODAY|work=TODAY.com|access-date=2017-09-13|language=en}} 11. ^{{cite book| last=Johnston| first=John| title=Vocabularies of the Shawanoese and Wyandott Languages, etc.| year=1858| url=http://www.wyandot.org/lang1.html|website=Wyandot.org|accessdate=2017-02-27}} 12. ^{{cite web| title=Wyandot Dictionary| url=http://cs.sou.edu/~harveyd/acorns/wyandotte/docs/B.WYANDOT.DIC.pdf| accessdate=2012-05-22}} 13. ^{{cite web| url=http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/gmd:@field%28NUMBER+@band%28g3700+ct000666%29%29 | title=Carte de la Louisiane et du cours du Mississipi [i.e. Mississippi]: dressâee sur un grand nombre de mâemoires entrautres sur ceux de Mr. le Maire / par Guillaume Del'isle del Academie R'le. des Sciences |publisher=Memory.loc.gov |date= |accessdate=2014-03-05}} 14. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.davidrumsey.com/maps1901.html |title=Composite: British Empire in America. / Popple, Henry / 1733 |publisher=Davidrumsey.com |date=1999-02-22 |accessdate=2014-03-05}} 15. ^1 2 {{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uo13m9CFUjQC&pg=PA377&lpg=PA377&dq=Otsandoske&source=bl&ots=VoiYk-ekJU&sig=K0HQhNUHYAyWfbchRaPKUZFqZuE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj1v-GF2cncAhWb94MKHedsDXcQ6AEwAnoECAIQAQ#v=onepage&q=Otsandoske&f=false |author=Lucy Elliot Keeler |title= Old Fort Sandoski of 1745 and the 'Sandusky Country' | work = Ohio Archæological and Historical Quarterly | publisher= Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society | pages = 357–405) |date=1912-09-15 |volume= 21 |accessdate=2018-07-31}} 16. ^{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rNkyAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA431#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=History of the Fire Lands, Comprising Huron and Erie Counties, Ohio | publisher=Press of Leader Printing Company | author=Williams, William W. | year=1879 | page=431}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}} 18. ^1 {{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2013-01-06|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64vfLAeJ2?url=http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|archivedate=2012-01-24|df=}} 19. ^https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_Erie_%26_part_of_Ottowa_Counties,_Ohio_-_showing_the_sections,_farms,_lots_and_villages_LOC_2012592231.jpg 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=35257&refer=|title=Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Sandusky, Ohio}} Retrieved on 2008-11-13. 21. ^1 Monthly Averages for Sandusky, OH. The Weather Channel. Retrieved on 2008-11-13. 22. ^{{cite web |url = http://mrcc.isws.illinois.edu/climate_midwest/maps/oh_mapselector.htm |title = Climate Summaries |publisher = Midwestern Regional Climate Center |accessdate = November 27, 2012 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100726143144/http://mrcc.isws.illinois.edu/climate_midwest/maps/oh_mapselector.htm |archivedate = July 26, 2010 |df = }} 23. ^{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uo13m9CFUjQC&pg=PA377&lpg=PA377&dq=Otsandoske&source=bl&ots=VoiYk-ekJU&sig=K0HQhNUHYAyWfbchRaPKUZFqZuE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj1v-GF2cncAhWb94MKHedsDXcQ6AEwAnoECAIQAQ#v=onepage&q=Otsandoske&f=false |author=Lucy Elliot Keeler |title= Old Fort Sandoski of 1745 and the 'Sandusky Country' | work = Ohio Archæological and Historical Quarterly | publisher= Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society | pages = 357–368) |date=1912-09-15 |volume= 21 |accessdate=2018-07-31}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2017.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=May 26, 2018}} 25. ^{{cite web|title=Number of Inhabitants: Ohio|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/37749197v1p37_ch02.pdf|work=18th Census of the United States|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=22 November 2013}}{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 26. ^{{cite web|title=Ohio: Population and Housing Unit Counts|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cph2/cph-2-37.pdf|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=22 November 2013}} 27. ^{{cite web|title=Incorporated Places and Minor Civil Divisions Datasets: Subcounty Population Estimates: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=25 November 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6HQu4Spqa?url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html|archivedate=17 June 2013|df=}} 28. ^1 {{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2013-01-06}} 29. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://sanduskybaybargeparty.com/Welcome.html |title=Welcome |publisher= Sanduskybaybargeparty.com}} 30. ^{{cite web | url=http://blog.cleveland.com/metro/2011/01/us_ambassador_to_haiti_kenneth.html | title=U.S. Ambassador to Haiti Kenneth Merten; passenger train from Cleveland to Sandusky: Whatever happened to ... ? | accessdate=5 February 2011 | date=16 January 2011 | publisher=Cleveland Plain Dealer}} 31. ^{{cite web | url=http://blog.cleveland.com/metro/2010/02/passenger_rail_service_between_1.html | title=Passenger rail service between Cleveland and Sandusky to be studied | accessdate=5 February 2011 | date=2 February 2010 | work=Cleveland Plain Dealer}} 32. ^{{cite web |last=Great Schools.com |url=http://www.greatschools.net/cgi-bin/oh/district_profile/145 |title=Sandusky City School District Profile |accessdate=2008-07-21 }} 33. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.sandusky.lib.oh.us/about_us/loc_hours.php | title=About us | publisher=Sandusky Library | accessdate=25 February 2018}} 34. ^{{cite web|url=http://sanduskyhistory.blogspot.com/2010/06/ohios-lake-erie-vacationland.html |title=Sandusky History: Ohio's Lake Erie Vacationland |website=Sanduskyhistory.blogspot.com |date=2010-06-10 |accessdate=2017-02-27}} 35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.basohio.com |title=BAS Broadcasting - Your Ohio Radio Stations |website=Basohio.com |date= |accessdate=2017-02-27}} 36. ^{{cite web|url=http://elbc.northcoastnow.com |title=Elyria-Lorain Broadcasting Company |website=Elbc.northcoastnow.com |date= |accessdate=2017-02-27}} 37. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ci.sandusky.oh.us/City_of_Sandusky_17-Erie_CAFR.PDF|title=City of Sandusky CAFR |format=PDF |website=ci.sandusky.oh.us|date= |accessdate=2019-03-16}} External links{{Commons category}}
7 : Sandusky, Ohio|Cities in Ohio|Cities in Erie County, Ohio|County seats in Ohio|Populated places established in 1816|Populated places on the Underground Railroad|Populated places on Lake Erie in the United States |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。