| 词条 | San Jacinto Battleground State Historic Site | |
| 释义 |
| name = San Jacinto Battlefield | nrhp_type = nhl | image = UAV view of the San Jacinto Battlefield site and Texas Monument.jpg | caption = UAV view of the San Jacinto Battlefield site and Texas Monument | location = Harris County, Texas | nearest_city= Houston | coordinates = {{coord|29|44|56|N|95|4|49|W|display=inline,title}} | locmapin = Texas#USA | built = 1836 | architect = | architecture = | added = October 15, 1966 | designated_nrhp_type = December 19, 1960[1] | area = {{convert|1200|acre}} | governing_body = Texas Parks and Wildlife Department | refnum = 66000815[2] }} The San Jacinto Battleground State Historic Site includes the location of the Battle of San Jacinto and the museum ship {{USS|Texas|BB-35|6}}. It is located off the Houston Ship Channel in unincorporated Harris County, Texas near the city of Houston. The site was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960.[1][3] A prominent feature of the park is the San Jacinto Monument. Visitors can take an elevator to the monument's observation deck for a view of Houston, the Houston Ship Channel and USS Texas.[4] HistoryThe beginnings of the San Jacinto Battleground State Historic site trace to the early 1880s, when the State of Texas purchased ten acres along Buffalo Bayou in preparation for the fiftieth anniversary of the Texas Revolution. The Daughters of the Republic of Texas (DRT) pressured the Texas Legislature for more appropriations for San Jacinto. In 1897, Texas State Senator Waller Thomas Burns of Houston helped to pass legislation to fund $10,000 to establish a public park. The money was used to purchase an additional 336 acres of land at San Jacinto. The state appropriated another $25,000 in 1907 for improvements at the battleground and officially named it San Jacinto State Park, the first official state park in Texas. A governor appointed local commission managed the park and reported to the State Board of Control. More state-assisted improvements came to the park in preparation for the 1928 Democratic National Convention in Houston.[5] A grant from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Coastal Impact Assistance Program will be funding a $2.6 million construction project for improvements to the site's seawall, with an anticipated finish date of December 31, 2016. San Jacinto Museum of HistoryThe San Jacinto Museum of History is located inside the base of the San Jacinto Monument. In addition to the Battle of San Jacinto, the museum's exhibits focus on the history of Texan culture, including Mayan, Spanish and Mexican influences, the history of the Texas Revolution and the Republic of Texas, and important figures in Texas history.[6] The 160-seat Jesse H. Jones Theatre for Texas Studies presents a 35-minute movie titled Texas Forever!! The Battle of San Jacinto. Battleship Texas{{main article|USS Texas (BB-35)}}On 17 April 1947, the Battleship Texas Commission was established by the Texas Legislature to care for the ship. The $225,000 necessary to pay for towing her from Baltimore to San Jacinto was the Commission's first task.[7] On 17 March 1948, Texas began her journey to her new anchorage along the busy Houston Ship Channel near the San Jacinto Monument, at San Jacinto State Park, arriving on 20 April, where she was turned over to the State of Texas the next day to serve as a permanent memorial.[9] Her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 30 April 1948.[8] The date of 21 April is significant in that it was the date of the decisive 1836 Battle of San Jacinto that ended the Texas Revolution and led to the creation of the Republic of Texas, which joined the US as a state in 1845. Texas was the first battleship memorial museum in the US.[9] When the battleship was presented to the State of Texas, she was commissioned as the flagship of the Texas Navy.[9] SubsidenceDrilling for oil and underground water have led to severe land subsidence and erosion along the Bay Area shoreline, especially in the Baytown-Pasadena area.[10] Since the beginning of the 20th century approximately {{convert|100|acre|ha}} of the battleground have become submerged under the bay.[11] GalleryReferences1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=623&ResourceType=Site|title=San Jacinto Battlefield|date=1960-12-19|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130226023709/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=623&ResourceType=Site|archivedate=2013-02-26|df=}} 2. ^{{NRISref|2009a}} 3. ^{{citation|url={{NHLS url|id=66000815}}|title=National Historic Landmark Nomination: San Jacinto Battlefield|author=Patricia Heintzelman|date=1960-12-19|publisher=National Park Service}}{{cite web|url={{NHLS url|id=66000815|photos=y}}|title=Accompanying 3 photos, from 1960.|work=National Register of Historic Places Inventory}} 4. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=lNsDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA550&dq=Popular+Science+1936+plane+%22Popular+Mechanics%22&hl=en&ei=YQxKTqCgIeSDsgK6xpzSCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Popular%20Science%20196%20plane%20%22Popular%20Mechanics%22&f=true "Lofty Texas Memorial to Have Fast Elevators" Popular Mechanics, April 1936] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316010238/https://books.google.com/books?id=lNsDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA550&dq=Popular+Science+1936+plane+%22Popular+Mechanics%22&hl=en&ei=YQxKTqCgIeSDsgK6xpzSCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA |date=2018-03-16 }} 5. ^Steely, James Wright. Parks for Texas: Enduring Landscapes of the New Deal. Austin: U of Texas, 1999. Print. 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.sanjacinto-museum.org/Monument_and_Museum/Story_of_the_Museum/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-01-28 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101104802/http://www.sanjacinto-museum.org/Monument_and_Museum/Story_of_the_Museum/ |archivedate=2009-01-01 |df= }} Story of the Museum 7. ^{{cite book|last=Ferguson|first=John C.|title=Historic Battleship Texas: The Last Dreadnought|series=Military History of Texas #4|year=2007|publisher=State House Press|location=Abilene, Texas|isbn=1-933337-07-9|oclc=154678508}} 8. ^{{cite DANFS |title=Texas |url=http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/t4/texas-ii.htm |accessdate=2006-12-28}} 9. ^1 2 {{cite web |title=Battleship Texas State Historic Site |url=http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/spdest/findadest/parks/battleship_texas/ |publisher=Texas Parks and Wildlife Department |accessdate=2006-12-30 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070101064604/http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/spdest/findadest/parks/battleship_texas/ |archivedate=2007-01-01 |df= }} 10. ^Henson (1993), p. 51. {{Cite journal| last = Holzer| first = T.L.| author2 = Bluntzer, R.L.| title = Land subsidence near oil and gas-fields, Houston, Texas| journal = Ground Water| volume = 22| issue = 4| pages = 450–459| year = 1984| url = http://info.ngwa.org/gwol/pdf/842030855.PDF| doi = 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1984.tb01416.x| accessdate = 25 December 2009| deadurl = yes| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110726114259/http://info.ngwa.org/gwol/pdf/842030855.PDF| archivedate = 26 July 2011| df = }} 11. ^{{cite web | url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1182/pdf/07Houston.pdf | publisher=U.S. Geological Service | page=35 | title=Houston-Galveston, Texas: Managing coastal subsidence | author1=Coplin, Laura S. | author2=Galloway, Devin | accessdate=12 Jan 2010 | deadurl=no | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070113025911/http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1182/pdf/07Houston.pdf | archivedate=2007-01-13 | df= }} External links{{commons category|San Jacinto Monument|position=left}}
7 : Conflict sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Texas|History museums in Texas|Museums in Harris County, Texas|National Historic Landmarks in Texas|Protected areas of Harris County, Texas|Texas state historic sites|National Register of Historic Places in Harris County, Texas |
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