| 词条 | Sankey diagram | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
Sankey diagrams are a specific type of flow diagram, in which the width of the arrows is shown proportionally to the flow quantity. The illustration shows a Sankey diagram which represents all the primary energy flows into a factory. The widths of the bands are directly proportional to energy production, utilization and losses. The primary energy sources are gas, electricity and coal/oil and represent energy inputs at the left hand side of the Sankey diagram. They can also visualize the energy accounts, material flow accounts on a regional or national level, and also the breakdown of cost of item or services.{{cn|date=July 2017}} Sankey diagrams put a visual emphasis on the major transfers or flows within a system. They are helpful in locating dominant contributions to an overall flow. Often, Sankey diagrams show conserved quantities within defined system boundaries. HistorySankey diagrams are named after Irish Captain Matthew Henry Phineas Riall Sankey, who used this type of diagram in 1898 in a classic figure (see panel on the right) showing the energy efficiency of a steam engine. While the first charts in black and white were merely used to display one type of flow (e.g. steam), using colors for different types of flows has added more degrees of freedom to Sankey diagrams. One of the most famous Sankey diagrams is Charles Minard's Map of Napoleon's Russian Campaign of 1812. It is a flow map, overlaying a Sankey diagram onto a geographical map. It was created in 1869, so it actually predates Sankey's 'first' Sankey diagram of 1898. ScienceSankey diagrams are often used in fields of science, especially physics. They are used to represent energy inputs, useful output, and wasted output. Active examplesThe United States Energy Information Administration (EIA) produces numerous Sankey diagrams annually in its Annual Energy Review[1] which illustrate the production and consumption of various forms of energy. The US Department of Energy's Lawrence Livermore Laboratory maintains a site of Sankey diagrams, including US energy flow and carbon flow.[2] Eurostat, the Statistical Office of the European Union, has developed an interactive Sankey web tool to visualise energy data by means of flow diagrams.[3] The tool allows the building and customisation of diagrams by playing with different options (country, year, fuel, level of detail). The International Energy Agency (IEA) created an interactive Sankey web application that details the flow of energy for the entire planet.[4] Users can select specific countries, points of time back to 1973, and modify the arrangement of various flows within the Sankey diagram. Ben Schmidt, an assistant professor of history at Northeastern University, created a Sankey diagram relating majors in college to eventual careers.[5] Sankey Diagram Drawing ToolsSoftware tools to draw Sankey diagrams are available on the web and for a variety of computing platforms.
Notably [https://products.office.com/en-us/visio/flowchart-software?tab=tabs-1 Microsoft Visio] - a common business infographics application - does not have "Sankey Diagrams templates that ship with Visio" [6] See also
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Annual Energy Review|url=http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/|website=Energy Information Administration|accessdate=15 December 2017}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=LLNL Flow Charts|url=https://flowcharts.llnl.gov/|website=Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory|accessdate=15 December 2017}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Energy balance flow for European Union (28 countries) 2015|url=http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/sankey/sankey.html?geo=EU28&year=2015&unit=KTOE&fuels=0000&highlight=&nodeDisagg=0101000000&flowDisagg=false|website=Eurostat|accessdate=15 December 2017}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=World Balance (2015)|url=http://www.iea.org/Sankey/#?c=World&s=Balance|website=International Energy Agency (IEA)|accessdate=15 December 2017}} 5. ^{{cite web|last1=Schmidt|first1=Ben|title=What are you going to do with that degree?|url=http://benschmidt.org/jobs/|website=Ben Schmidt|accessdate=15 December 2017}} 6. ^http://www.visguy.com/2008/01/02/sankey-diagram-shapes-for-visio/ 7. ^{{cite web|title=How to make an alluvial diagram|url=https://rawgraphs.io/learning/how-to-make-an-alluvial-diagram/|website=RAWGraphs Documentation|accessdate=1 March 2018}} External links{{commons category|Sankey diagrams}}
1 : Diagrams |
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