| 词条 | San Marzano tomato |
| 释义 |
| name = San Marzano | image = TomateSanMarzano.jpg | image_caption = San Marzano fruit | type = Heirloom | maturity = 85 days | height = {{convert|6|ft}} | weight = {{convert|4|oz}} | vine = Indeterminate | leaf = Regular leaf | resist = | color = Red (pink) | shape = Plum }}{{refimprove|date=September 2012}} San Marzano tomato is a variety of plum tomato. DescriptionCompared to the Roma tomato, San Marzano tomatoes are thinner and more pointed. The flesh is much thicker with fewer seeds, and the taste is stronger, sweeter and less acidic.[1] The San Marzano vines are indeterminate and have a somewhat longer season than other paste tomato varieties, making them particularly suitable for warmer climates. As is typical of heirloom plants, San Marzano is an open-pollinated variety that breeds true from generation to generation, making seed saving practical for the home gardener or farmer. Commercial production and useAmy P. Goldman calls the San Marzano "the most important industrial tomato of the 20th century"; its commercial introduction in 1926 provided canneries with a "sturdy, flawless subject, and breeders with genes they'd be raiding for decades."[2] Though commercial production of the San Marzano variety is most closely associated with Italy, seeds for the variety are available worldwide.{{cn|date=September 2012}}. It is an heirloom variety.[3] Canned San Marzanos, when grown in the Valle del Sarno (valley of the Sarno) in Italy in compliance with Italian law, can be classified as Pomodoro S. Marzano dell'Agro Sarnese-Nocerino and have the EU "DOP" emblem on the label. Most San Marzano tomatoes sold commercially are grown in Italy, though they are produced commercially in smaller quantities in other countries. Because of San Marzano's premium pricing, there is an ongoing battle against fraudulent product. On November 22, 2010, the Italian carabinieri confiscated 1,470 tons of canned tomatoes worth €1.2 million of improperly labeled product.{{cn|date=September 2012}} San Marzano tomatoes, along with Roma tomatoes, have been designated as the only tomatoes that can be used for Vera Pizza Napoletana (True Neapolitan Pizza).[4] OriginsSan Marzano tomatoes originate from the small town of San Marzano sul Sarno, near Naples, Italy, and were first grown in volcanic soil in the shadow of Mount Vesuvius. One story goes that the first seed of this tomato came to Campania in 1770, as a gift from the Viceroyalty of Peru to the Kingdom of Naples, and that it was planted in the area of San Marzano sul Sarno.{{cn|date=September 2012}} In the United States, San Marzano tomatoes are the genetic base for another popular paste tomato, the Roma tomato. The Roma is a cross between a San Marzano and two other varieties (one of which was also a San Marzano hybrid)[2] and was introduced by the USDA's Agricultural Research Service in 1955.[5] See also
References1. ^{{cite book|author=Saveur Magazine|title=Saveur Cooks Authentic Italian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FyMqXRYSkEEC&pg=PA90|date=3 December 2008|publisher=Chronicle Books|isbn=978-0-8118-6574-6|pages=90–}} 2. ^1 {{cite web| title= Awesome Sauce| url= http://www.slate.com/articles/life/food/2012/08/paste_tomatoes_the_secret_to_amazing_homemade_tomato_sauce_.single.html | first= Benjamin|last= Phelan| date=August 30, 2012 | work= Slate| accessdate= 2012-09-11}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=San Marzano Tomato|url=http://bonnieplants.com/product/san-marzano-tomato|website=bonnieplants.com|accessdate=16 April 2015}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://americas.pizzanapoletana.org/foto/allegati/AVPN_Disciplinare.pdf|title=Regulations for obtaining the use of the collective trade mark "Verace Pizza Napoletana" Production Rules ('Il Disciplinare')|publisher=Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana}} 5. ^{{cite web| title= History of Research at the U.S. Department of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Service | url= https://www.ars.usda.gov/is/timeline/comp.htm | publisher= Agricultural Research Service | accessdate= 2012-09-11}} External links
4 : Heirloom tomato cultivars|Italian cuisine|Italian products with protected designation of origin|Food and drink introduced in 1926 |
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