| 词条 | Santiago Island (Galápagos) |
| 释义 |
| name = Santiago Island | image name = | image size = | image caption = | image alt = | map = Ecuador Galápagos Islands | map_alt = | map_width = | map_caption = | map_relief = | label = Santiago Island | label_position = right | coordinates = {{coord|-0.252364|-90.717952|display=inline,title}} | location = Galápagos Islands, Ecuador | pop = | archipelago = Galápagos Islands | waterbody = | total islands = | major islands = | rank = | elevation m = | elevation footnotes = | country = Ecuador }} Santiago Island ({{IPA-es|sanˈtjaɣo}}) is an island of the Galápagos Islands.[1][2] It is also known as San Salvador, named after the first island discovered by Columbus in the Caribbean Sea (see San Salvador Island), or as James Island. The island, which consists of two overlapping volcanoes, has an area of {{convert|585|km2|mi2|lk=on|sp=us}} and a maximum altitude of {{convert|907|m|ft|lk=on|sp=us}}, atop the northwestern shield volcano. Marine Iguanas, sea lions, fur seals, land and sea turtles, flamingos, crabs, dolphins, and sharks are found here. There are a large number of goats and pigs, animals which were introduced by humans to the islands and have caused great harm to the endemic species.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} Darwin Finches and Galápagos Hawks are usually seen as well as a colony of Fur Seals. At Sullivan Bay, a recent (1897) pahoehoe lava flow can be observed. Puerto Egas, south of James Bay and west side of Santiago, is one of the best sites. There is a long, lava shoreline where eroded rock formations house an excellent variety of wildlife. Marine iguanas bask in the sun. The tide pools contain many Sally Lightfoot crabs, which attract other types of hunters. Following the trail Fur seal lions are found. Puerto Egas is not only a good spot for taking pictures but also perfect for snorkeling and seeing many species of tropical fish. Sullivan Bay is especially fascinating for those who are interested in geology and volcanology. You can walk over the uneroded, black lava flow covered with lava bubbles and tree-trunk molds in the surface. There are two small beaches where turtles come for nesting. Cousin's Rock is a well-known dive site and is situated off the east coast of Santiago. It is a triangular rock that rises about {{convert|10|m|ft|sp=us|abbr=on}} out of the water and is made up of many layers of volcanic rock. Sombrero Chino (Chinaman's Hat) is a small islet off the southeastern tip of Santiago. A {{convert|52|m|ft|adj=mid|-high|sp=us}}, {{convert|0.22|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} volcanic cone, it is named for its resemblance to the conical Asian hat.[3] RestorationThe Directorate of Galápagos National Park and Island Conservation reintroduced 1,436 Galápagos Land Iguanas (Conolophus subcristatus) to Santiago Island on the 4th January 2019 after a 180 year absence. The partners reintroduced the land iguanas in an effort to restore the island’s ecological health and to provide the opportunity for this iguana species to thrive. Land iguanas were sourced from North Seymour Island, where they were introduced in the 1930s and have increased to over 5,000 and faced a lack of food availability. Charles Darwin was the second-last person to record land iguanas alive on Santiago Island in 1835, with Abel-Nicolas Bergasse Dupetit Thouars being the last in 1838. [4] [5][6][7][8][9]See also
References1. ^{{cite web|title=SANTIAGO ISLAND (SAN SALVADOR, JAMES), GALAPAGOS|url=https://animalcorner.co.uk/santiago-island/|publisher=animalcorner.co.uk|accessdate=6 June 2017}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Santiago|url=https://www.galapagos.org/about_galapagos/about-galapagos/the-islands/santiago/|website=Galapagos Conservancy|publisher=galapagos.org|accessdate=6 June 2017}} 3. ^{{cite book|last=Kricher|first=John|title=Galápagos: A Natural History|date=February 13, 2006|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0691126333|page=210}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.islandconservation.org/galapagos-land-iguanas-return-santiago-island-180-year-absence/ |title=Threatened Galápagos Land Iguanas Return to Santiago Island En-Masse After 180-Year Absence|publisher=Island Conservation|accessdate=9 January 2019}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/08/galapagos-island-gets-its-first-iguanas-since-darwin-after-mass-release |title=Galápagos island gets its first iguanas since Darwin after mass-release|publisher=The Guardian|accessdate=9 January 2019}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/galapagos-island-iguanas-scli-intl/index.html |title=Iguanas reintroduced to Galapagos island after 200 years|publisher=CNN.com|accessdate=9 January 2019}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://time.com/5496466/galapagos-island-iguanas-reintroduced/ |title=Iguanas Are Being Reintroduced to a Galapagos Island Two Centuries After They Disappeared|publisher=TIME|accessdate=9 January 2019}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/iguanas-galapagos-island-national-park-santiago-island-charles-darwin-a8718246.html |title=Iguanas reintroduced to Galapagos island after almost 200 years|publisher=The Independent|accessdate=9 January 2019}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=https://earther.gizmodo.com/iguanas-reintroduced-to-the-largest-galapagos-island-af-1831584615 |title=Iguanas Reintroduced to the Largest Galapagos Island After Nearly 200 Year Absence|publisher=Earther|accessdate=9 January 2019}} External links
4 : Islands of the Galápagos Islands|Volcanoes of the Galápagos Islands|Shield volcanoes of Ecuador|Polygenetic shield volcanoes |
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