| 词条 | Sarcophagus of Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus |
| 释义 |
The sarcophagus of Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus, consul in 298 B.C., is a solid tuff burial coffin, once located in the Tomb of the Scipios. It is now found in the Vestibolo Quadrato of the Pio-Clementine Museum in the Vatican Museum complex.[1] The name is incised on the lid (CIL VI 1284) and the epitaph (CIL VI 1285) on the front of the only intact sarcophagus (some of the decorative detail has been restored). The letters were originally painted red. A Doric-style decorative panel is above the inscription featuring roses alternating with column-like triglyphs. The top of the sarcophagus is modeled as a cushion.[2] Epitaph on SarcophagusHis sarcophagus preserves his epitaph, written in Old Latin Saturnian meter: CORNELIVS·LVCIVS·SCIPIO·BARBATVS·GNAIVOD·PATRE PROGNATVS·FORTIS·VIR·SAPIENSQVE—QVOIVS·FORMA·VIRTVTEI·PARISVMA FVIT—CONSOL CENSOR·AIDILIS·QVEI·FVIT·APVD·VOS—TAVRASIA·CISAVNA SAMNIO·CEPIT—SVBIGIT·OMNE·LOVCANA·OPSIDESQVE·ABDOVCIT which has been stated in modern upper- and lower-case script as the verse:[3] Cornelius Lucius Scipio Barbatus Gnaivod Patre Prognatus Fortis Vir Sapiensque Quoius Forma Virtutei Parisuma Fuit Consol Censor Aidilis Quei Fuit Apud Vos Taurasia Cisauna Samnio Cepit Subigit Omne Loucana Opsidesque Abdoucit. and also transcribed in classical Latin as: Cornelius Lucius Scipio Barbatus, Gnaeo patre prognatus, fortis vir sapiensque, cuius forma virtuti parissima fuit, Consul, Censor, Aedilis, qui fuit apud vos; Taurasiam Cisaunam, Samnio cepit, subigit omnem Lucaniam, obsidesque abducit. A translation is: Cornelius Lucius Scipio Barbatus, sprung from Gnaeus his father, a man strong and wise, whose appearance was most in keeping with his virtue, who was consul, censor, and aedile among you - He captured Taurasia Cisauna in Samnium - he subdued all of Lucania and led off hostages. There is a rough-hewn area above the epitaph, where it appears that some text has been erased. This has traditionally been interpreted as evidence of an earlier, shorter epitaph, which was replaced by the surviving text at a later date. More recently, however, a detailed analysis of the epitaph[4] has suggested that the surviving text is the original inscription, but that the first part of the epitaph has been deleted. A summary of this analysis states: The most compelling arguments that suggest the removal of part of the same verse text we now have relate to the shape and character of the erasure itself. In effect, a fine sarcophagus, which was inscribed with a long and carefully executed text, is marred by a rough erasure. If the erasure was made before the new text was cut, why was more trouble not taken to smooth and prepare the stone? Moreover, why does our text start at a distance of a third of a line from the margin? It would have been easy for the mason to produce a better surface so that he could have started at the margin. The whole execution of the inscription itself is very fine and clearly not the work of an amateur. The overall impression is that no expense was spared in the layout of a large tomb and the manufacture of a magnificent sarcophagus for its first occupant. Since the tomb was closed in the late Republic, the erasure must date to the middle Republic, and since the tombs were private, the erasure must have been done at the request of an authoritative male family member.[6] In her review of the epitaph, Harriet Flower notes that "The Scipios are also known for their continued search for earlier ancestors. This was done partly by invention and partly by substitution of the cognomen Scipio for earlier ones of branches that later died out... It is possible, therefore, that Barbatus'...[epitaph contained some claim to be the first Scipio, and that this]...became an obstacle to later family members who were eager to find earlier ancestors and other founders, who could compete with the claims of rival families. Such a reconstruction, while it can not be proved, is at least plausible and in accord with the other available evidence."[7] References
1. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=VZUsI-lePtIC The Vatican], Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide edited by Philippe De Montebello, Kathleen Howard, page 186. 2. ^Ricci (2003) p. 395. 3. ^{{cite book|author=Ramsay|year=1859|page=247}} 4. ^{{cite book|pages=301–342|title=Altlateinische Inschriften. Sprachliche und epigraphische Untersuchungen zu den Dokumenten bis etwa 150 v. Chr.|first=Rudolf|last=Wachter|publisher=Peter Lang|year=1987|location=Bern}} 5. ^{{cite book|pages=173–176|title=Ancestor masks and aristocratic power in Roman culture|first= Harriet I. |last=Flower|publisher=Oxford University Press|year= 1996|location=Oxford, UK|isbn=0-19-924024-8}} 6. ^{{cite book|pages=55–57|title=The art of forgetting: disgrace & oblivion in Roman political culture|first=Harriet I. |last=Flower|edition=illustrated|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year= 2006|location=Chapel Hill|id={{ISBN|0807830631}}, {{ISBN|978-0-8078-3063-5}}}} 7. ^{{cite book|pages=176–177|title=Ancestor masks and aristocratic power in Roman culture|first= Harriet I. |last=Flower|publisher=Oxford University Press|year= 1996|location=Oxford, UK|isbn=0-19-924024-8}} 2 : Ancient Roman sarcophagi|Collections of the Vatican Museums |
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