| 词条 | Saunders ST-27 | |||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Saunders ST-27 was a regional aircraft built in the 1970s by the Canadian Saunders Aircraft Company based at Gimli, Manitoba. The aircraft was designed as a conversion of the earlier de Havilland Heron. The conversion program was extensive and featured two Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6 turboprops and a stretched fuselage. Despite its promise as a regional airliner, the project collapsed when Manitoba government funding was withdrawn in 1976. Design and developmentUsing 13 surplus de Havilland Herons airframes, Saunders designed the conversion and utilized some engineering input from Aviation Traders (Engineering). The remanufactured design was based on a stretched fuselage to accommodate 23 passengers, a lengthened nose to fit radar, reshaped vertical tail (also increased in size) and two Pratt and Whitney PT6A turboprops replacing the original four Gipsy Queen piston engines, along with other minor changes. All of the aircraft's systems, including the brakes, were pneumatic with the exception of the windshield wipers, which were hydraulic. Operational historyOriginally based in Montreal, Quebec, the Saunders operation moved to Gimli, Manitoba in 1971 after substantial start-up funding was obtained from the Manitoba provincial government. The government eventually invested $52 million (Canadian) until 1976 when the funding was cancelled. Only 12 ST-27s were built. Although the improved performance of the turboprops was appreciated by prospective customers, the lack of a US certification limited potential sales. Two Saunders ST-27s were dry-leased to "Sky-West" in order to provide scheduled air service to Yorkton, Dauphin and Brandon (from Saskatoon and Winnipeg) as an economic development project. Other ST-27s served as regional airliners in Ontario and elsewhere but few air carriers were exploiting this route system at the time. The notable exception was Air Otonabee (from 1980: Air Atonabee) operating scheduled passenger service from the Island Airport (Toronto), using ST-27 aircraft beginning in 1974; by 1984, it was carrying 25,000 passengers annually. Saunders ST-28With only meager sales success due to the certification issue and with old Herons becoming more expensive, the company decided to manufacture a new version based on the original ST-27, compliant with US Federal Aviation Regulation Part 23 (FAR 23).[1] The first ST-28 was manufactured at the Gimli, Manitoba factory using new jigs and tooling supplied by Hawker Siddeley Aviation. Although superficially similar to the earlier ST-27, the new aircraft benefited from the experiences flying the earlier airliner in regular service. Larger cabin windows, an increased rudder size, four-bladed propellers and a host of other enhancements were incorporated in the ST-28, including a {{convert|1000|lb|abbr=on}} increase in maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) and extra fuel capacity.[1] The first flight of the prototype, C-FYBM-X took place on 18 July 1974. While testing was taking place towards an American certification, the Saunders company had plans for series production but no firm orders and a tremendous drain on available funding. The precarious financial situation eventually led to a review by the Manitoba government and the withdrawal of funding in 1976. The company was forced to wind down operations and sold all assets and rights to Air Otonabee, one of the primary operators of the earlier ST-27. By the early 1980s, the sturdy airliners began to fade from service with the last ST-27 being retired during this period. AftermathC-GCML (cn 009) was converted from DH Heron c/no. 14095 in 1974 and is now on display at the Canadian Bushplane Heritage Centre, Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, Canada. The ST-28 prototype owned by the Western Canada Aviation Museum and originally stored at the Gimli Airport, was cut up for scrap in 2014. Operators
Specifications for Saunders ST-27{{aircraft specifications|plane or copter?=plane |jet or prop?=prop |ref=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1971–72[2] |crew=2 |capacity=24 passengers |payload main= |payload alt= |length main=58 ft 10 in |length alt=17.93 m |span main=71 ft 6 in |span alt=21.79 m |height main=15 ft 7 in |height alt=4.75 m |area main= 499 sq. ft |area alt= 46.36 m² |airfoil= |aspect ratio=10.3:1 |empty weight main= 7,600 lb |empty weight alt= 3,447 kg |loaded weight main= |loaded weight alt= |useful load main= |useful load alt= |max takeoff weight main= 13,500 lb |max takeoff weight alt= 6,124 kg |more general= |engine (jet)= |type of jet= |number of jets= |thrust main= |thrust alt= |thrust original= |afterburning thrust main= |afterburning thrust alt= |engine (prop)=Pratt & Whitney PT6A-27 |type of prop=turboprops |number of props=2 |power main= 715 hp |power alt= 533 kW |power original= |max speed main= |max speed alt= |cruise speed main= 230 mph |cruise speed alt=200 knots, 370 km/h |cruise speed more=at 7,000 ft (2,135 m) (Max cruise) |stall speed main= 70 mph |stall speed alt= 61 knots, 113 km/h |stall speed more=(flaps down) |never exceed speed main= 292 mph |never exceed speed alt= 253 knots, 470 km/h |range main= 852 mi |range alt=740 nmi, 1,370 km |ceiling main=25,000 ft |ceiling alt=7,620 m |climb rate main= 1,600 ft/min |climb rate alt= 3.0 m/s |loading main= |loading alt= |thrust/weight= |power/mass main= |power/mass alt= |more performance= |armament= |avionics= }} ReferencesNotes1. ^1 "Air Transport - Light Commercial and Business"; "Saunders ST-28." Flight International, 13 March 1975, p. 395 (online archive version). Retrieved: 14 December 2008. 2. ^Taylor 1971, pp. 26–27. Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
Further reading
5 : Canadian airliners 1960–1969|De Havilland Heron|Aircraft first flown in 1969|Low-wing aircraft|Twin-turboprop tractor aircraft |
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