“Sauropus androgynus”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Sauropus androgynus, also known as katuk, star gooseberry, or sweet leaf, is a shrub grown in some tropical regions as a leaf vegetable. In Chinese it is called mani cai (马尼菜); in Japan it is called amame shiba (アマメシバ); in Malay it is called cekur manis, sayur manis, asin-asin or cangkok manis (in Bruneian malay);^[4]^[5] in Thai it is called pak waan; in Vietnamese, it is called rau ngót; in the Philippines, it is called Chinese Malunggay and in Kerala, India it is called madhura cheera.

Its multiple upright stems can reach 2.5 meters high and bear dark green oval leaves 5–6 cm long.

It is one of the most popular leafy vegetables in South Asia and Southeast Asia and is notable for high yields and palatability.^[6] The shoot tips have been sold as tropical asparagus. In Vietnam, the locals cook it with crab meat, minced pork or dried shrimp to make soup. In Malaysia, it is commonly stir-fried with egg or dried anchovies. The flowers and small purplish fruits of the plant have also be eaten In Indonesia, the leaves of the plant are used to make infusion, believed to improve the flow of breast milk for breastfeeding mothers.

It is a good source of vitamin K.{{citation needed|date=April 2012}} However, a study has suggested that excessive consumption of juiced Katuk leaves (due to its popularity for body weight control in Taiwan in the mid '90s) can cause lung damage, due to its high concentrations of the alkaloid papaverine.^[7]

It also has high level of provitamin A carotenoids, especially in freshly picked leaves, as well as high levels of vitamins B and C, protein and minerals. The more the leaves mature, the higher the nutrient content of the leaves.^[8] Latest studies indicate that Cekur manis encouraged rapid regeneration and multiplication through organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis.^[9]

Medical

Consumption of Sauropus androgynus has been reported as being associated with bronchiolitis obliterans.^[11]

Nutrition

Sauropus androgynus is a good source of β-carotene α- and β-carotenes are partly metabolized into vitamin A. It is rich in Vitamin C providing more than 100% of the Daily Value (DV) per 100 g serving of (288% DV), Iron (23% DV) and Zinc (10% DV).^[13] However, the high levels of polyphenols, such as tannin, inhibit the absorption of Zn and Fe.

References

1. ^Under its currently accepted name of Sauropus androgynus (from its basionym Clutia androgyna) this species was published in Bulletin of the Bureau of Forestry, Philippine Islands. Manila 1: 30. 1903. {{ cite web |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/12800096 |title=Name - Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. |work=Tropicos |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |location=Saint Louis, Missouri |quote=Basionym: Clutia androgyna L. |accessdate=November 18, 2012}}
2. ^The basionym of S. androgynus (Clutia androgyna) was originally described and published in Mantissa Plantarum 1: 128. 1767. {{ cite web |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/50057103 |title=Name - Clutia androgyna L. |work=Tropicos |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |location=Saint Louis, Missouri |accessdate=November 18, 2012}}
3. ^{{ cite web |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-186394 |title=TPL, treatment of Sauropus androgynus |work=The Plant List; Version 1. (published on the internet) |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden |year=2010 |accessdate=November 18, 2012}}
4. ^{{cite book |title=Malay-English, English-Malay Dictionary |last=Coope |first=A.E. |edition=Rev. |year=1993 |publisher=Hippocrene Books |location=New York |isbn=0-7818-0103-6 |pages=18, 61 }}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://mylittlevegetablegarden.blogspot.com/2009/10/cups-in-air-asin-asin.html |title=Cups in the air. asin-asin |last1=Bangchik |date=2009-10-08 |accessdate=2010-05-18}}
6. ^Nutritive value of Sauropus androgynus
7. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1159/000029336 |author=Kao CH |author2=Ho YJ |author3=Wu CL |author4=ChangLai SP |year=1999 |title=Using 99mTc-DTPA Radioaerosol Inhalation Lung Scintigraphies to Detect the Lung Injury Induced by Consuming Sauropus androgynus Vegetable and Comparison with Conventional Pulmonary Function Tests |journal=Respiration |publisher=Karger AG |volume=66 |issue=1 |pages=46–51 |url=http://content.karger.com/ProdukteDB/produkte.asp?Aktion=ShowPDF&ProduktNr=224278&Ausgabe=226551&ArtikelNr=29336 |accessdate=2010-05-18 |pmid=9973690}}
8. ^19.1 Sauropus androgynus (sweet leaf bush)
9. ^Faculty of Science Research Seminar: Elicitors Effect on in vitro Cultures of Sauropus Androgynus, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus
10. ^Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr
11. ^
12. ^{{cite journal|url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673696004503 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(96)00450-3 | volume=348 | title=Outbreak of bronchiolitis obliterans associated with consumption of Sauropus androgynus in Taiwan | year=1996 | journal=The Lancet | pages=83–85 | last1 = Lai | first1 = Ruay-Sheng | last2 = Chiang | first2 = Ambrose A | last3 = Wu | first3 = Ming-Ting | last4 = Wang | first4 = Jyh-Seng | last5 = Lai | first5 = Nin-Sheng | last6 = Lu | first6 = Jau-Yeong | last7 = Ger | first7 = Luo-Ping | last8 = Roggli | first8 = Victor}}
13. ^{{Cite book|title=Vietnamese Food Composition Table.|last=Nguyen|first=Khan|publisher=Ministry of Health, National Institute of Vietnam|year=2007|isbn=|location=Hanoi|pages=168}}

Medical

Nutrition

References

External links