| 词条 | Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |
| 释义 |
| image = | parent = | status = |owner = Jacqui Safra | founded = {{Start date and age|1768}} Edinburgh, Scotland, Great Britain | founder = Colin Macfarquhar Andrew Bell | successor = | country = Scotland | headquarters = Chicago, Illinois, U.S. | keypeople = Jacqui Safra, President,[1] Karthik Kashman, Global CEO[2] | imprints = Merriam-Webster | revenue = | numemployees = About 400 (300 in Chicago, 100 worldwide)[3] | nasdaq = | url = {{URL|http://www.britannica.com}} }} Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. is a Scottish-founded, now American company best known for publishing the Encyclopædia Britannica, the world's oldest continuously published encyclopedia. HistoryThe company was founded in Edinburgh, Scotland, in the 18th century, in the atmosphere of the Scottish Enlightenment. A printer, Colin Macfarquhar, and an engraver, Andrew Bell, formed a partnership to create a new book that would embody the new spirit of scholarship. William Smellie was engaged to edit the original three-volume work, published one volume at a time beginning in 1768. The encyclopaedia's reputation grew throughout the publication of its subsequent volumes. Sears RoebuckThe 11th edition was published in 1910/11. In 1920, the trademark and publication rights were sold to Sears Roebuck, which held them until 1943, when ownership passed to William Benton. The 12th edition was published in 1921/22, and the 13th edition was published in 1926. A thoroughly revised 14th edition was published in 1929. By the mid-1930s, the company headquarters had moved to Chicago, Illinois, United States, and the editorial staff were now no longer disbanded after the completion of a new edition, but kept on as a permanent editorial department, to keep pace with the rapid increase in knowledge at the time. Starting in 1936, a new printing of the encyclopaedia was published each year, incorporating the latest changes and updates. In 1938, the first edition of the Britannica Book of the Year appeared. This annual supplement is still published today. William BentonWilliam Benton published the Britannica from 1943 until his death in 1973. Benton also acquired Electrical Research Products Inc. Classroom Films and renamed it Encyclopædia Britannica Films. After the death of Benton's widow Helen Benton in 1974, the Benton Foundation continued to manage the Britannica until it was sold to Jacqui Safra in 1996. In 1947, Britannica released 10 Eventful Years, a compendium of World War II in 4 volumes. In 1952, Britannica published the landmark set Great Books of the Western World, a 54-volume set of the "great books" of Western culture. Publishing rights to Compton's Encyclopedia were acquired by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. in 1961.[4] Merriam-Webster Inc. has been a subsidiary of Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. since 1964.[5]On March 9, 1976 the U.S. Federal Trade Commission entered an opinion and order enjoining Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. from using a) deceptive advertising practices in recruiting sales agents and obtaining sales leads, and b) deceptive sales practices in the door-to-door presentations of its sales agents.[6] Jacqui SafraJacqui Safra gained ownership in 1996. Under Safra's ownership the company has experienced some financial woes with freelance contributors waiting up to six months for payment and staff going years without pay raises, according to a report in the New York Post. Cost-cutting measures have included mandates to use copyright free photos. Britannica in December 2002 told employees it would raise the contribution paid into their 401(k) accounts, then eliminated them entirely. A company spokesman said: "We've had some cost reductions and belt-tightening but we're not going into details… We're a privately held company."[7] See also
References1. ^{{cite press release|url=https://corporate.britannica.com/press-releases/encyclopaedia-britannica-group-appoints-karthik-krishnan-as-global-chief-executive-officer/|title=Encyclopedia Britannica Group Appoints Kathik Krishnan as Global Chief Executive Officer|date=12 December 2017|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica Group}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://corporate.britannica.com/team/|title=Our Team|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica|accessdate=4 March 2019}} 3. ^{{cite journal| last=Smith| first=William C.| date=February 2, 2004| title=Venerable tomes go digital| journal=The National Law Journal| pages=P8}} 4. ^Encyclopædia Britannica, 1988 5. ^"Topic Merriam-Webster-dictionary on britannica.com" 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.ftc.gov/sites/default/files/documents/commission_decision_volumes/volume-87/ftc_volume_decision_87_january_-_june_1976pages_400-541.pdf|title=In the Matter of Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. et al., pp.421-541}} 7. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20040821114744/http://entertainment.excite.com/celebgossip/pgsix/id/09_11_2003_11.html "Cash-shy Britannica"], New York Post, 11 September 2003 Further reading
External links
10 : Encyclopædia Britannica|Book publishing companies of Scotland|1768 establishments in Scotland|Companies based in Chicago|Book publishing companies based in Illinois|Companies based in Edinburgh|History of Edinburgh|Companies established in 1768|Reference publishers|1996 mergers and acquisitions |
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