“Scandinavian Americans”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Scandinavian Americans

释义

Background
Populations
Scandinavian Americans by state Scandinavian languages by state
See also
References
Further reading
External links

{{Infobox ethnic group
|group = Scandinavian Americans
|image =
|pop=11,890,524
3.8% of U.S. population (2012)^[1]
|region1 = {{flag|Minnesota}}
|pop1 = 1,603,124
|region2 = {{flag|California}}
|pop2 = 1,224,541
|region3 = {{flag|Washington}}
|pop3 = 739,043
|region4 = {{flag|Wisconsin}}
|pop4 = 728,248
|region5 = {{flag|Illinois}}
|pop5 = 575,991
|region6 = {{flag|Michigan}}
|pop6 = 403,888
|region7 = {{flag|Florida}}
|pop7 = 355,458
|region8 = {{flag|Oregon}}
|pop8 = 339,031
|region9 = {{flag|Iowa}}
|pop9 = 338,161
|region10 = {{flag|Utah}}
|pop10 = 333,405
|langs = {{hlist| American English | Danish | Faroese | Finnish | Greenlandic | Icelandic | Norwegian | Sami | Swedish | Scandinavian languages }}
|rels = 61% Protestant;
22% Roman Catholic, 14% other (no religion, Mormonism, etc.)^[2]
|related = Scandinavians, Scandinavian Canadians
}}Scandinavian Americans are Americans of Nordic, or part-Nordic ancestry, defined in this article to include Danish Americans (estimate: 1,453,897), Faroese Americans (no estimates), Finnish Americans (estimate: 677,272), Greenlandic Americans (estimate: 352), Icelandic Americans (estimate: 51,234), Norwegian Americans (estimate: 4,602,337), Sami Americans (estimate: 30,000), Swedish Americans (estimate: 4,293,208). Also included are persons who reported 'Northern European' ancestry (estimate: 230,027) or 'Scandinavian' ancestry (estimate: 582,549). According to 2010 census data, there are approximately 11,890,524 people of Scandinavian ancestry in the United States.^[3]

Background

The broad definition of Scandinavia includes Norway, Sweden, Denmark (without Greenland and the Faroese Islands), the semi-independent Finnish territory of Åland and the Swedish-speaking people of Finland (mostly concentrated in Western Finland). The joint ruling of Denmark and Norway from the mid-14th century until 1814, and then the joint rule of Sweden and Norway until 1905, have contributed towards a coherent culture and language. The Scandinavian languages are all descended from old Norse, and unlike Faroese and Icelandic, which have kept more of the old Norse grammar and spelling, the Scandinavian languages have undergone more or less the same simplifications and are mutually intelligible and readable, although the degree of ease with which people understand each other varies depending on country (and region) of origin.

The term Scandinavia is often misused when the term Nordic is meant. The Nordic countries consists of Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Iceland, Greenland (a semi-independent Danish realm), the Faroese Islands (a semi-independent Danish realm), Åland (a semi-independent Swedish-speaking Finnish realm) and Finland. Sometimes also Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania are included, due to the tiny group of Estonian Swedes in the archipelago of Northern Estonia. Unlike the three linguistically Scandinavian countries, the Nordic countries have languages that are only partially mutually intelligible (closest being Icelandic-FaroeIslandish on one hand and Danish-Norwegian-Swedish on the other) so therefore English is often used as a common language when Nordic people communicate. The Nordic countries have a lot of common history, as they have all been invaded/colonized by Scandinavians at one time, but even if there are close historical ties, these countries are also more culturally and genetically diverse than the Scandinavian countries with Greenlanders, Samis and Finns having a unique origin apart from the Germanic Norsemen known as Scandinavians.

Populations

Scandinavian Americans by state

State Rank	State	Scandinavian Americans^[4]
-	{{flag\|United States}}	11,269,320	3.8%
1	Minnesota}}	1,580,776	32.1%
2	California}}	1,510,541	3.6%
3	Washington}}	739,043	12.5%
4	Wisconsin}}	728,248	13.5%
5	Illinois}}	575,991	4.6%
6	Michigan}}	403,888	4.0%
7	Texas}}	359,360	1.4%
8	Florida}}	355,458	2.1%
9	Oregon}}	339,031	9.9%
10	Iowa}}	338,161	11.5%
11	Utah}}	333,405	14.9%
12	Colorado}}	291,488	5.9%
13	Arizona}}	281,388	4.3%
14	New York}}	254,474	1.3%
15	North Dakota}}	231,875	36.1%
16	Massachusetts}}	182,339	2.8%
17	Nebraska}}	177,522	9.9%
18	South Dakota}}	172,941	21.5%
19	Pennsylvania}}	169,294	1.3%
20	Ohio}}	164,005	1.4%
21	Montana}}	136,688	14.1%
22	Idaho}}	136,620	8.9%
23	Missouri}}	135,340	2.2%
24	Virginia}}	130,099	1.6%
25	Kansas}}	124,017	4.4%
26	New Jersey}}	119,267	1.3%
27	Indiana}}	118,989	1.8%
28	North Carolina}}	110,362	1.1%
29	Nevada}}	102,638	3.9%
30	Connecticut}}	100,530	2.8%
31	Georgia (U.S. state)}}	97,209	1.0%
32	Maryland}}	79,656	1.4%
33	Tennessee}}	75,615	1.2%
34	Oklahoma}}	62,145	1.7%
35	Alaska}}	61,259	8.9%
36	Wyoming}}	51,755	9.7%
37	New Hampshire}}	47,955	3.6%
38	Maine}}	44,955	3.4%
39	Alabama}}	43,899	0.9%
40	South Carolina}}	43,306	0.9%
41	New Mexico}}	41,073	2.0%
42	Arkansas}}	38,308	1.3%
43	Kentucky}}	34,592	0.8%
44	Hawaii}}	30,976	2.4%
45	Louisiana}}	29,175	0.6%
46	Rhode Island}}	26,476	2.5%
47	Mississippi}}	19,501	0.6%
48	Vermont}}	18,378	2.9%
49	West Virginia}}	14,519	0.8%
50	Delaware}}	11,232	1.2%
-	{{flag\|District of Columbia}}	7,523	1.3%
-	{{flag\|Puerto Rico}}	641	0.0%

Scandinavian languages by state

State Rank	State	Total^[5]	Percent
-	{{flag\|United States}}	200,630	0.0%
1	California}}	32,745	0.1%
2	Minnesota}}	17,998	0.3%
3	Florida}}	14,628	0.0%
4	New York}}	13,543	0.0%
5	Washington}}	12,524	0.2%
6	Michigan}}	8,825	0.0%
7	Texas}}	7,849	0.0%
8	Illinois}}	7,528	0.0%
9	Wisconsin}}	6,929	0.2%
10	Massachusetts}}	6,599	0.1%
11	New Jersey}}	5,518	0.0%
12	Oregon}}	4,510	0.1%
13	Utah}}	3,838	0.1%
14	North Dakota}}	3,364	0.5%
15	Iowa}}	2,407	0.0%

References

1. ^"2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates -- TOTAL ANCESTRY REPORTED"
2. ^One Nation Under God: Religion in Contemporary American Society, p. 120.
3. ^"2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates -- TOTAL ANCESTRY REPORTED"
4. ^"2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates -- TOTAL ANCESTRY REPORTED -- by all states"
5. ^U.S Census Bureau

External links

{{Commonscatinline|American people of Scandinavian descent}}
Chicago Foreign Language Press Survey: English translations of 120,000 pages of newspaper articles from Chicago's foreign language press from 1855 to 1938, many from Scandinavian language papers.

{{European Americans}}{{Danish diaspora}}{{Finnish diaspora}}{{Greenlandic diaspora}}{{Icelandic diaspora}}{{Norwegian diaspora}}{{Swedish diaspora}}

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