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词条 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester
释义

  1. History

  2. Research groups

  3. Notable faculty

     Emeritus professors 

  4. References

{{Infobox university
|name = School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester
|image_name = Schuster_Laboratory.jpg
|image_size =
|caption = The Schuster Laboratory on Brunswick Street is the main site of the School of Physics and Astronomy
|established =
|city = Manchester
|country = United Kingdom
|coor =
|campus =
|former_names =
|affiliations = Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences,
University of Manchester
|website = {{URL|physics.manchester.ac.uk}}
}}

The School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester is one of the largest and most active Physics departments in the UK, taking around 250 new undergraduates and 50 postgraduates each year, and employing more than 80 members of academic staff and over 100 research fellows and associates.[1] The school is based on two sites: the Schuster Laboratory on Brunswick Street and the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics in Cheshire, international headquarters of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA).[2]

According to the Academic Ranking of World Universities, the school is the 9th best Physics department in the world and best in Europe.[3] It is ranked equal 7th place in the UK by GPA according to the Research Excellence Framework (REF) in 2014.[4] The University has a long history of physics dating back to 1874, which includes 12 Nobel laureates,[5] most recently Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov who were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010 for their discovery of graphene.[6][7]

History

The school has origins dating back to 1874 when Balfour Stewart was appointed the first Langworthy Professor of Physics at Owens College, Manchester. Stewart was the first to identify an electrified atmospheric layer (now known as the ionosphere) which could distort the Earth's magnetic field. The theory of the ionosphere was postulated by Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1839, Stewart published the first experimental confirmation of the theory in 1878.[8] Since then, the school has hosted many award-winning scientists[8] including:

  • Hans Bethe,[8] awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1967
  • Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett,[9] awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1948
  • Niels Bohr,[10] awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922
  • Sir William Lawrence Bragg,[11] discovered Bragg's law and awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1915
  • Sir James Chadwick,[12] awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1935
  • Sir John Cockcroft,[13] awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1951
  • Rod Davies, {{post-nominals|country=GBR|CBE|FRS}} [14] Professor of Radio Astronomy
  • Richard Davis, {{post-nominals|country=GBR|OBE|FRAS}} Professor of Astrophysics
  • Samuel Devons, FRS
  • Brian Flowers, Baron Flowers,[15] FRS
  • Sir Francis Graham-Smith,[16] Astronomer Royal from 1982 to 1990
  • Henry Hall,[17] FRS who built the first dilution refrigerator[18]
  • Sir Bernard Lovell,[19][20] creator of the Lovell Telescope at the Jodrell Bank Observatory
  • Henry Moseley,[21] creator of Moseley's law
  • Nevill Francis Mott,[22] awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1977
  • Ernest Rutherford,[23] awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908 for splitting the atom
  • Sir Arthur Schuster,[24] FRS
  • Balfour Stewart,[25] first Langworthy Professor of Physics
  • Sir Joseph John "J. J." Thomson,[26] studied Physics at Owens College, Manchester aged 14, went on to run the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge and was awarded the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics.

In 2004, the two separate departments of Physics at the Victoria University of Manchester and the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) were merged to form the current School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester. See physicists associated with the University of Manchester for a complete list of physicists in Manchester and their achievements.

Research groups

The School of Physics and Astronomy comprises eight research groups:

  1. Astronomy and Astrophysics
  2. Biological Physics
  3. Condensed Matter Physics
  4. Nonlinear Dynamics and Liquid Crystal Physics
  5. Photon Physics
  6. Particle Physics
  7. Nuclear Physics
  8. Theoretical Physics

Research in the department of Physics has been funded by the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC), the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)[27] and the Royal Society.

Notable faculty

{{As of|2015}} the School employs 53 Professors, including Emeritus Professors.[28]
  • Sarah Bridle, Professor of Astrophysics
  • Philippa Browning {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FInstP}} Professor Astrophysics
  • Brian Cox,[32] {{post-nominals|country=GBR|OBE|FRS}}, Professor of Particle Physics, working on the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider
  • Philip Diamond,[29] Professor of Photon Physics and Director General of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA)
  • Wendy Flavell, Vice Dean for Research and a Professor of Surface Physics[30]
  • Jeffrey Forshaw,[31] Professor of Particle Physics and co-author of The Quantum Universe
  • Sir Andre Geim {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRS}},[32] Regius Professor & Royal Society Research Professor
  • Sir Konstantin Novoselov,[33] {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRS}} Langworthy Professor of Physics
  • Tim O'Brien, Professor of Astrophysics
  • Terry Wyatt {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRS}} Professor of Particle Physics[34]

Emeritus professors

The department is also home to a number of Emeritus Scientists, pursuing their research interests after their formal retirement including:

  • {{ill|Alexander Donnachie|WD=Q28738092}} {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FInstP}},[35] Research Professor
  • Andrew Lyne {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRS}}[36] Emeritus Professor & co-discoverer of the binary pulsar
  • Robin Marshall,[37] FRS, Professor of Physics & Biology
  • Michael Moore,[38] FRS, Emeritus Professor of Theoretical Physics

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.physics.manchester.ac.uk/about-us/ |title=About Us: School of Physics & Astronomy |date=2015 |publisher=University of Manchester |archivedate=2015-01-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113124012/http://www.physics.manchester.ac.uk/about-us/}}
2. ^{{Cite journal | pmid = 23630382| year = 2013| author1 = Stappers| first1 = B. W.| title = The square kilometre array and the transient universe| journal = Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences| volume = 371| issue = 1992| pages = 20120284| doi = 10.1098/rsta.2012.0284|bibcode = 2013RSPTA.37120284S }}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.shanghairanking.com/Shanghairanking-Subject-Rankings/physics.html |title=ShanghaiRanking's Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2018 - Physics |date=2018 |publisher=ShanghaiRanking Consultancy.}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/features/ref-2014-results-by-subject/2017594.article |title=REF 2014: results by subject |last1=Jump |first1=Paul |date=2014 |publisher= Times Higher Education}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/history-heritage/history/nobel-prize/ |title=Our Nobel Prize winners |date=2015 |publisher=University of Manchester |archivedate=2015-01-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113130014/http://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/history-heritage/history/nobel-prize/}}
6. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Brumfiel | first1 = G. | doi = 10.1038/news.2010.525 | title = Andre Geim: In praise of graphene | journal = Nature | year = 2010 | pmid = | pmc = }}
7. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Geim | first1 = A. K. | last2 = Novoselov | first2 = K. S. | doi = 10.1038/nmat1849 | title = The rise of graphene | journal = Nature Materials | volume = 6 | issue = 3 | pages = 183–191 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17330084| pmc = |bibcode = 2007NatMa...6..183G | arxiv = cond-mat/0702595}}
8. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Lee | first1 = S. | last2 = Brown | first2 = G. E. | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.2007.0018 | title = Hans Albrecht Bethe. 2 July 1906 -- 6 March 2005: Elected ForMemRS 1957 | journal = Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society | volume = 53 | pages = 1–20 | year = 2007 | pmid = | pmc = }}
9. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Lovell | first1 = B. | authorlink = Bernard Lovell| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1975.0001 | title = Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett, Baron Blackett, of Chelsea. 18 November 1897-13 July 1974 | journal = Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society | volume = 21 | pages = 1–115| year = 1975 | pmid = | pmc = }}
10. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Cockcroft | first1 = J. D. | authorlink = John Cockcroft| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1963.0002| title = Niels Henrik David Bohr. 1885-1962 | journal = Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society | volume = 9 | pages = 36–53 | year = 1963| pmid = | pmc = }}
11. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Phillips | first1 = D. | authorlink = David Chilton Phillips| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1979.0003 | title = William Lawrence Bragg. 31 March 1890-1 July 1971 | journal = Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society | volume = 25 | pages = 74–143| year = 1979 | jstor = 769842| pmid = | pmc = }}
12. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Massey | first1 = H.| authorlink1 = Harrie Massey| last2 = Feather | first2 = N.| authorlink2 = Norman Feather| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1976.0002 | title = James Chadwick. 20 October 1891 -- 24 July 1974 | journal = Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society | volume = 22 | pages = 10 | year = 1976 | pmid = | pmc = }}
13. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Oliphant | first1 = M. L. E.| authorlink1 = Mark Oliphant | last2 = Penney | first2 = L. | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1968.0007 | title = John Douglas Cockcroft. 1897-1967 | journal = Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society | volume = 14 | pages = 139 | year = 1968 | pmid = | pmc = }}
14. ^{{Who's Who | surname = DAVIES | othernames = Prof. Rodney Deane | id = U13118 | volume = 2015 | edition = online Oxford University Press}} {{subscription required}}
15. ^{{Cite journal| author = J. H. Smith| title =Flowers, Brian Hilton, Baron Flowers (1924–2010) | doi = 10.1093/ref:odnb/102721| journal = The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography| year = 2004| isbn = 9780198614111}}
16. ^{{Who's Who | surname = SMITH| othernames = Sir Francis Graham- | id = U35337 | volume = 2015 | edition = online Oxford University Press}} {{subscription required}},
17. ^{{Who's Who | surname = HALL| othernames = Prof. Henry Edgar | id = U18631 | volume = 2015 | edition = online Oxford University Press}} {{subscription required}}
18. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://www.physics.manchester.ac.uk/about-us/timeline/ |title=School of Physics and Astronomy Timeline: 1870-2010 |date=2015 |publisher=University of Manchester |archivedate=2013-12-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209064936/http://www.physics.manchester.ac.uk/about-us/timeline}}
19. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Smith | first1 = F. G.| authorlink1 = Francis Graham-Smith | last2 = Davies | first2 = R. | last3 = Lyne | first3 = A. | authorlink3 = Andrew Lyne| doi = 10.1038/488592a | title = Bernard Lovell (1913–2012) | journal = Nature | volume = 488 | issue = 7413 | pages = 592 | year = 2012 | pmid = | pmc = |bibcode = 2012Natur.488..592S }}
20. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Zijlstra | first1 = A. A. | last2 = Davis | first2 = R. J. | doi = 10.1126/science.1229080 | title = Sir Bernard Lovell (1913-2012) | journal = Science | volume = 337 | issue = 6100 | pages = 1307 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22984062 | pmc = |bibcode = 2012Sci...337.1307Z }}
21. ^{{Cite journal| author = Ernest Rutherford| title = Moseley, Henry Gwyn Jeffreys (1887–1915) | doi = 10.1093/ref:odnb/35125| journal = The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography| year = 2004}}
22. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Pippard | first1 = B. | authorlink = Brian Pippard| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1998.0021 | title = Sir Nevill Francis Mott, C. H. 30 September 1905-8 August 1996 | journal = Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society | volume = 44 | pages = 315 | year = 1998 | pmid = | pmc = }}
23. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Eve | first1 = A. S. | last2 = Chadwick | first2 = J. | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1938.0025 | title = Lord Rutherford 1871–1937 | journal = Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society | volume = 2 | issue = 6 | pages = 394 | year = 1938 }}
24. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Simpson | first1 = G. C. | title = Sir Arthur Schuster. 1851-1934 | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1935.0006 | journal = Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society | volume = 1 | issue = 4 | pages = 408 | year = 1935 | jstor = 768973| pmid = | pmc = }}
25. ^{{Cite journal| author = P. J. Hartog | doi = 10.1093/ref:odnb/26463| title = Stewart, Balfour (1828–1887), physicist and meteorologist| journal = The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography| year = 2004}}
26. ^{{cite journal|date=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/36506|title=Thomson, Sir Joseph John (1856–1940), physicist|author=Isobel Falconer|journal=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography}}
27. ^Grants awarded to the School of Physics and Astronomy Manchester, via Research Councils UK.
28. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.physics.manchester.ac.uk/people/staff/ |title=Staff in the School of Physics and Astronomy |date=2015 |publisher=University of Manchester |archivedate=2015-01-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113103753/http://www.physics.manchester.ac.uk/people/staff/}}
29. ^{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1038/373127a0| title = Evidence for a black hole from high rotation velocities in a sub-parsec region of NGC4258| journal = Nature| volume = 373| issue = 6510| pages = 127| year = 1995| last1 = Miyoshi | first1 = M. | last2 = Moran | first2 = J. | last3 = Herrnstein | first3 = J. | last4 = Greenhill | first4 = L. | last5 = Nakai | first5 = N. | last6 = Diamond | first6 = P. | last7 = Inoue | first7 = M. |bibcode = 1995Natur.373..127M }}
30. ^{{Who's Who | author=Anon| surname = Flavell | othernames = Prof. Wendy Ruth | id = U281718 | year = 2017 | doi =10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U281718 | edition = online Oxford University Press|location=Oxford}} {{subscription required}}
31. ^1 {{Cite journal | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.096014| title = WW scattering at the CERN LHC| journal = Physical Review D| volume = 65| issue = 9| year = 2002| last1 = Butterworth | first1 = J. M.| last2 = Cox | first2 = B. E. | authorlink2 = Brian Cox (physicist)| last3 =Forshaw | first3 = J. R.|authorlink3=Jeff Forshaw | arxiv = hep-ph/0201098|bibcode = 2002PhRvD..65i6014B | url = http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/9349/1/9349.pdf}}
32. ^{{Who's Who | surname = Geim | othernames = Sir Andre (Konstantin) | doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U245770|author=Anon | id = U245770 | year = 2015 | edition = online Oxford University Press}} {{subscription required}}
33. ^{{Who's Who | surname = Novoselov| othernames = Sir Konstantin S. | id = U256328 | author=Anon|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U256328|year = 2015 | edition = online Oxford University Press}} {{subscription required}}
34. ^{{Who's Who | surname = Wyatt|author=Anon| othernames = Prof. Terence Richard, (Terry) | id = U258414 | doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U258414|year = 2015 | edition = online Oxford University Press}} {{subscription required}}
35. ^{{Who's Who | surname = Donnachie|author=Anon | othernames = Prof. Alexander | id = U13921 | year = 2015 |doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U13921| edition = online Oxford University Press}} {{subscription required}}
36. ^{{Who's Who | surname = Lyne | othernames = Prof. Andrew Geoffrey |doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U25178 | id = U25178 | author=Anon|year = 2015 | edition = online Oxford University Press}} {{subscription required}}
37. ^{{Who's Who | surname = Marshall| doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U26756 | othernames = Prof. Robin | id = U26756 | author=Anon|year = 2015 | edition = online Oxford University Press}} {{subscription required}}
38. ^{{Who's Who | surname = Moore|author=Anon|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U27958 | othernames =Prof. Michael Arthur | id = U27958 | year = 2015 | edition = online Oxford University Press}} {{subscription required}}
{{University of Manchester}}

5 : Departments of the University of Manchester|Astronomy education|Physics departments in the United Kingdom|Astronomy in the United Kingdom|Professional education in Manchester
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