| 词条 | Scram (video game) |
| 释义 |
| title = Scram | image = SCRAM_1980_Atari_US_screenshot.gif | caption = Screenshot | developer = Chris Crawford | publisher = Atari, Inc. | released = 1981 | genre = Real-time strategy | platforms = Atari 8-bit family }} Scram: A Nuclear Power Plant Simulation is an Atari 8-bit family game written by Chris Crawford and published by Atari, Inc. in 1981.[1] It involves invoking a scram, or emergency shutdown of a nuclear reactor. Written in Atari BASIC, Scram uses differential equations to simulate reactor behavior. The player controls the valves and switches of a nuclear reactor directly with the joystick. This game's title, SCRAM, is taken from the nuclear reactor safe-word conceived at the University of Chicago in 1942. It stands for "Start Cutting Right Away, Man", and it refers to cutting a reactor's control rods so they fall into the nuclear material and stop the reaction process.[2] The game also recreates the Three Mile Island Unit 2 nuclear reactor, and allowed players to recreate the events that took place there in 1979.[3] GameplayThe game display shows a schematic-like representation of a light water reactor, typical of nuclear reactors in use in the United States at that time. The reactor core is on the left of the screen, with the primary coolant loop to its immediate right. Further right is the secondary cooling loop, and finally the tertiary cooling loop and its associated cooling tower.[3] The user interacts with the game by moving the joystick, which makes a cursor jump from one "hot spot" to another on the screen, each one controlling one part of the reactor systems. There are hot spots for the control rods, cooling pumps and valves. The user can experiment with the reactor systems by moving the joystick up and down, operating the equipment. It is possible to simulate a meltdown by shutting off the primary cooling pumps and withdrawing the control rods all the way. The game has several skill levels, which control the frequency of earthquakes and the obviousness of the damage. In the event of an earthquake the screen shakes, and a breaking sound is heard if there is damage. The user then has to watch the on-screen displays to try to isolate where the problem is. ReceptionSoftline in 1981 criticized the documentation, calling it "needlessly wordy and confusing".[4]LegacyIn 2013 Crawford released the source code of several of his games, including Scram, to the public.[5] References1. ^{{cite web|title=The Giant List of Classic Game Programmers|url=http://dadgum.com/giantlist/|website=dadgum.com}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Atari 8-bit Ads |website=A Survey of Advertisements About the Atari 8-bit family of Computers |url=https://atari8bitads.blogspot.com/2016/05/late-closing.html |date=November 7, 2006}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Turner|first1=Glenn|title=Gamephemera: SCRAM (Atari 400/800)|url=http://thenewgamer.com/content/archives/gamephemera_scram_atari_400_800|website=The New Games|date=May 9, 2016}} 4. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1981&pub=6&id=2 | title=SCRAM | work=Softline | date=November 1981 | accessdate=13 July 2014 | author=Bang, Derek | pages=26}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.erasmatazz.com/library/source-code/index.html| title=Source Code|quote=30 months ago, at the 2011 Game Developers Conference, somebody asked me to release the source code for my old games. I said I would look into it. [...] I have begun the process of preparing my source code for general distribution. |accessdate=2017-02-24 |year=2013 |first=Chris |last=Crawford}} External links
7 : 1981 video games|Atari 8-bit family games|Atari 8-bit family-only games|Chris Crawford (game designer) games|Commercial video games with freely available source code|Educational video games|Video games developed in the United States |
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