| 词条 | Ennerdale Water |
| 释义 |
| name = Ennerdale Water | image = Ennerdale Water.jpg | caption = | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | location = Lake District, Cumbria | coords = {{coord|54|31|12|N|3|22|34|W|region:GB_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}} | type = natural lake, reservoir | inflow = River Liza | outflow = River Ehen | catchment = | basin_countries = England | length = {{convert|4.17|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|1.28|km|mi|abbr=on}} | area = {{convert|3|km2|abbr=on}} | depth = | max-depth = {{convert|45|m|abbr=on}} | volume = | residence_time = | shore = {{convert|10|km|abbr=on}} | elevation = {{convert|113|m|abbr=on}} | islands = 4 | cities = }} Ennerdale Water is the most westerly lake in the Lake District National Park in Cumbria, England. It is a glacial lake, with a maximum depth of 150 feet (45 metres), and is ½ mile to a mile (700 to 1,500 metres) wide and 2½ miles (3.9 kilometres) long. The lake lies in the eponymous valley of Ennerdale, surrounded by some of the highest and best-known fells in Cumbria including: Great Gable (899 m), Green Gable, Brandreth, High Crag, Steeple and Pillar. To the west of the lake lies the hamlet of Ennerdale Bridge, consisting of two pubs and a few houses. It is close to the port of Whitehaven. Etymology" 'Anund's valley'. The name Ennerdale seems originally to have derived from 'Anundar', gen.[itive] sing.[ular] of the ON pers.[onal] n.[ame] 'Anundr'/'Qnundr', and ON 'dalr' 'valley', but there has been cross-influence between this p.n. and 'Ehen', the name of the river which flows through the valley."[1] (ON is Old Norse.) The lake has been referred to in guidebooks and maps variously as "Brodewater" (1576), "Brodwater" (1695), "Broad Water" (1760), "Ennerdale Water" (1784) and "Ennerdale Lake" in Otley's Guide (1823). It is now the Ordnance Survey convention to name it "Ennerdale Water". GeographyEnnerdale Water is fed by the River Liza and other streams, and in turn feeds the River Ehen, which runs to the Irish Sea. Water abstractionAlthough the lake is natural, in 1902 a shallow weir was added to what is probably a glacial moraine to maintain the level.[2] The lake is owned by United Utilities, which abstracts water to serve customers in the Whitehaven area.[3] United Utilities plans to stop using Ennerdale as a source of water by 2025, as the Environment Agency has confirmed that it will withdraw the abstraction licence to protect the environment of Ennerdale, its lake and the River Ehen. Environmental protection measuresEnnerdale has been designated a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). Species of interest include the Arctic char. The site contains a variety of habitats apart from the open water of the lake itself.[4] TourismDespite being sited on Wainwright's coast-to-coast walk, the valley is not much visited by tourists. Due to the remote location, the lack of a public road up the valley, and its management by the Forestry Commission, the National Trust and United Utilities, Ennerdale Water has not been as spoiled as other lakes in the National Park by construction, activity on the lake or the effects of tourism. Notable factsThough the Lake District is a popular UK location for film shoots, Ennerdale has been left relatively in the shadow, with only a few brief exceptions. The closing sequences of the film 28 Days Later (2002), directed by Danny Boyle, were filmed around the Ennerdale area, and include a sweeping, panoramic view of the lake. In 1810 a large carnivore killed hundreds of sheep in and around Ennerdale before it was hunted down and killed. The locals dubbed it the Girt (dialect: "great") Dog of Ennerdale, though it was said to have had the traits of both a dog and a large cat. Once a year, during the last week in August, the Ennerdale Show brings local people together with agricultural displays, competitions, arts and crafts. Former US President Bill Clinton first proposed to his wife Hillary on the banks of Ennerdale Water in 1973.[5] References1. ^{{Cite book|last=Whaley|first=Diana|title=A dictionary of Lake District place-names|location=Nottingham|publisher=English Place-Name Society|year=2006|pages=lx,423 p.109|ISBN=0904889726}} {{Portal|Cumbria}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lakestay.co.uk/ennerdale.html|title=Ennerdale part of Lakestay.co.uk about the English Lake District|website=Lakestay.co.uk|accessdate=2 April 2017}} 3. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.whitehavennews.co.uk/news/Plans-made-to-stop-using-Ennerdale-as-water-source-ac668d55-4d2a-41c3-9fc0-f8a2d0381fd5-ds | title=Plans made to stop using Ennerdale as water source | newspaper=The Whitehaven News | date=May 2013 | accessdate=12 October 2016| author=Robinson, Sarah}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1000777.pdf |title=Ennerdale |publisher=Natural England |accessdate=21 July 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028092641/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1000777.pdf |archivedate=28 October 2014 |df= }} 5. ^{{cite news|last=Bernstein|first=Carl|title=The pain of being Hillary|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article1844491.ece|accessdate=9 August 2010|newspaper=The Times|date=27 May 2007|authorlink=Carl Bernstein|location=London}} External links{{Commons category}}
7 : Cumberland|Reservoirs in Cumbria|Lakes of the Lake District|Borough of Copeland|Drinking water reservoirs in England|Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Cumbria|Ehen catchment |
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