| 词条 | Serranía de la Macarena |
| 释义 |
|name = Serranía de la Macarena |photo = |photo_alt = |photo_caption = |country = Colombia |highest = |elevation_m = 2615 |coordinates = {{coord|2|19|55|N|73|53|12|W|type:mountain|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |range_coordinates = |length_km = 120 |width_km = 30 |area_km2 = |length_orientation = north-south |width_orientation = |length_note = |width_note = |area_note = |map = Colombia }}{{Infobox protected area | name = PNN Serranía de la Macarena | iucn_category = II | location = Meta Department, {{flag|Colombia}} | nearest_city = La Macarena | area = {{convert|6200|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | established = 1971 }} Serranía de la Macarena is an isolated mountain range located in the Meta Department, Colombia. It was named after the Virgin of Hope of Macarena. The mountains are separated by about {{convert|40|km|mi|abbr=on}} at their northern extreme from the East Andes. The range is orientated from north to south and is {{convert|120|km|mi|abbr=on}} in length and {{convert|30|km|mi|abbr=on}} wide. The highest peak ("El Gobernador", the governor) reaches {{convert|2615|m|ft|abbr=on}} and is the highest point of the Orinoquía Region. The first national reserve in Colombia was established in the central part of the mountain range in accordance with a Congressional Law promulgated in 1948.[1] The status of National Natural Park was designated in 1971 and the protected area encompasses {{convert|6200|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. BiodiversityThe national park encompasses the ecologically unique meeting point for the flora and fauna of the Amazon, Orinoco and Andes regions. The area is of tropical climate and temperatures range from 42 °F (5.5 °C) to 88 °F (31 °C). These aspects help to maintain a high level of biodiversity with numerous endemic and rare species.[2] The ecosystems found within the park include rainforest, dry forest,[3] shrublands and savanna.[4] The mountains are home to around 50 known species of orchids, and botanists studying the area have identified more than 2000 other species of plants. The ecosystem's fauna includes anteaters, jaguars, cougars, deer, 8 species of monkeys, 500 species of birds including the gray-legged tinamou[2], 1,200 species of insects and 100 species of reptiles. EcotourismThe La Macarena National and Ecological Reserve Park is internationally known for the Caño Cristales, known by people who has visited it as one of the most beautiful rivers in the world.[5] The park also contains petroglyphs from ancient cultures (Angosturas I and II petroglyphs in the Guayabero River). There are also enormous waterfalls, such as Caño Canoas , El Salto de Yarumales, El Salto del Mico, Soplaculos and others. Most of them are difficult to reach on foot due to the rugged terrain. Just outside of the city of La Macarena are the Botanical Gardens of La Macarena[6] and the private reserve La Madrevieja de El Carmen, places that offer the possibility of nature tourism involving its visitors in restoration activities. GeologyBasement rocks on the east side of the Macarenas include the Precambrian granite of the Guyana Shield in the Guaviare River valley and the San Jose del Guaviare area. The rocks of the shield are overlain by sandstones and conglomerates of the Vaupes Formation of Lower Paleozoic to the lower Oligocene age.[7] References1. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.planeta.com/planeta/98/0898macarena.html | title=Colombia's Sierra de la Macarena}} 2. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=14500 | title=BirdLife International - Parque Nacional Natural Sierra de la Macarena}} 3. ^{{cite web | url=http://worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/nt0201 | title=Northern South America: Colombia and Venezuela}} 4. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/PNN/portel/libreria/php/decide.php?patron=02.011503 | title=PNN - Nature & Science Macarena}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20140903-colombipoppjdybybhffas-liquid-rainbow|title=Colombia's 'Liquid Rainbow'|last=Catchpole|first=Karen|website=www.bbc.com|access-date=2016-04-14}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://vivos4life.org/|title=Jardín Botánico de La Macarena|website=vivos4life.org|access-date=2019-02-26}} 7. ^Pinson, W. H., Jr., et. al., K-Ar and Rb-Sr Ages of Biotites from Colombia, South America, Geological Society of America Bulletin 1962, v. 73, pp. 907-910 External links
3 : Mountain ranges of Colombia|National parks of Colombia|Protected areas established in 1948 |
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