“Serre's modularity conjecture”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

In mathematics, Serre's modularity conjecture, introduced by {{harvs|first=Jean-Pierre|last=Serre|authorlink=Jean-Pierre Serre|year1=1975|year2=1987|txt}}, states that an odd, irreducible, two-dimensional Galois representation over a finite field arises from a modular form. A stronger version of this conjecture specifies the weight and level of the modular form. The conjecture was proved by Chandrashekhar Khare in the level 1 case,^[1] in 2005 and later in 2008 a proof of the full conjecture was worked out jointly by Khare and Jean-Pierre Wintenberger.^[2]

Formulation

The conjecture concerns the absolute Galois group

of the rational number field

Let

be an absolutely irreducible, continuous, two-dimensional representation of

over a finite field

Additionally, assume

is odd, meaning the image of complex conjugation has determinant -1.

a theorem due to Shimura, Deligne, and Serre-Deligne attaches to

a representation

where

is the ring of integers in a finite extension of

. This representation is characterized by the condition that for all prime numbers

, coprime to

we have

Reducing this representation modulo the maximal ideal of

gives a mod

representation

Serre's conjecture asserts that for any representation

as above, there is a modular eigenform

such that

The level and weight of the conjectural form

are explicitly conjectured in Serre's article. In addition, he derives a number of results from this conjecture, among them Fermat's Last Theorem and the now-proven Taniyama–Weil (or Taniyama–Shimura) conjecture, now known as the modularity theorem (although this implies Fermat's Last Theorem, Serre proves it directly from his conjecture).

Optimal level and weight

The strong form of Serre's conjecture describes the level and weight of the modular form.

The optimal level is the Artin conductor of the representation, with the power of

removed.

Proof

A proof of the level 1 and small weight cases of the conjecture was obtained in 2004 by Chandrashekhar Khare and Jean-Pierre Wintenberger,^[3] and by Luis Dieulefait,^[4] independently.

In 2005, Chandrashekhar Khare obtained a proof of the level 1 case of Serre conjecture,^[5] and in 2008 a proof of the full conjecture in collaboration with Jean-Pierre Wintenberger.^[6]

Notes

1. ^{{Citation |last=Khare |first=Chandrashekhar |title=Serre's modularity conjecture: The level one case |year=2006 |journal=Duke Mathematical Journal |volume=134 |issue=3 |pages=557–589 |doi=10.1215/S0012-7094-06-13434-8 }}.
2. ^{{Citation |last1=Khare |first1=Chandrashekhar |last2=Wintenberger |first2=Jean-Pierre |year=2009 |title=Serre's modularity conjecture (I) |journal=Inventiones Mathematicae |volume=178 |issue=3 |pages=485–504 |doi=10.1007/s00222-009-0205-7 |bibcode=2009InMat.178..485K |citeseerx=10.1.1.518.4611 }} and {{Citation |last1=Khare |first1=Chandrashekhar |last2=Wintenberger |first2=Jean-Pierre |year=2009 |title=Serre's modularity conjecture (II) |journal=Inventiones Mathematicae |volume=178 |issue=3 |pages=505–586 |doi=10.1007/s00222-009-0206-6 |bibcode=2009InMat.178..505K |citeseerx=10.1.1.228.8022 }}.
3. ^{{Citation |last=Khare |first=Chandrashekhar |last2=Wintenberger |first2=Jean-Pierre |year=2009 |title=On Serre's reciprocity conjecture for 2-dimensional mod p representations of Gal(Q/Q) |journal=Annals of Mathematics |volume=169 |issue=1 |pages=229–253 |doi= 10.4007/annals.2009.169.229}}.
4. ^{{Citation |last=Dieulefait |first=Luis |year=2007 |title=The level 1 weight 2 case of Serre's conjecture |journal=Revista Matemática Iberoamericana |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=1115–1124 |url=http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.rmi/1204128312 |doi=10.4171/rmi/525|arxiv=math/0412099 }}.
5. ^{{Citation |last=Khare |first=Chandrashekhar |title=Serre's modularity conjecture: The level one case |year=2006 |journal=Duke Mathematical Journal |volume=134 |issue=3 |pages=557–589 |doi=10.1215/S0012-7094-06-13434-8 }}.
6. ^{{Citation |last=Khare |first=Chandrashekhar |last2=Wintenberger |first2=Jean-Pierre |year=2009 |title=Serre's modularity conjecture (I) |journal=Inventiones Mathematicae |volume=178 |issue=3 |pages=485–504 |doi=10.1007/s00222-009-0205-7 |bibcode=2009InMat.178..485K |citeseerx=10.1.1.518.4611 }} and {{Citation |last=Khare |first=Chandrashekhar |last2=Wintenberger |first2=Jean-Pierre |year=2009 |title=Serre's modularity conjecture (II) |journal=Inventiones Mathematicae |volume=178 |issue=3 |pages=505–586 |doi=10.1007/s00222-009-0206-6 |bibcode=2009InMat.178..505K |citeseerx=10.1.1.228.8022 }}.

Formulation

Optimal level and weight

Proof

Notes

References

External links