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词条 Epidemiology of suicide
释义

  1. Overview

      By country  

  2. Demographics

     Gender and suicide  Race and sexual orientation  Social factors  Health and suicide  Suicide and body mass index  Seasonal suicide  Suicide trends  Historical trends 

  3. See also

  4. References

An estimated 1 million people worldwide die by suicide every year. It is estimated that global annual suicide fatalities could rise to over 1.5 million by 2020. Globally, suicide ranks among the three leading causes of death among those aged 15–44 years. Attempted suicides are up to 20 times more frequent than completed ones.

Incidence of suicide in a society depends on a range of factors. Clinical depression is an especially common cause. Substance abuse and severe physical disease or infirmity are also recognized as causes. The Eastern Europe and East Asia regions have the highest suicide rate worldwide. The region with the lowest suicide rate is the Caribbean, followed by the Middle East.

Gender differences play a significant role in suicide as well. Furthermore, among all age groups in most of the world, females tend to show higher rates of reported nonfatal suicidal behaviors, while males have a much higher rate of completed suicides.

Overview

In most countries the incidence of suicides is higher than the incidence of intentional homicides. More people die of suicide than die of war and murder.[2]

A 2006 report by the World Health Organization (WHO) states that nearly a million people take their own lives every year, more than those murdered or killed in war.[3] WHO figures show a suicide takes place somewhere in the world roughly every 40 seconds.[4]

According to the National Institute of Mental Health, suicide contagion is a serious problem, especially for young people. Suicide can be facilitated in vulnerable teens by exposure to real or fictional accounts of suicide, including media coverage of suicide, such as intensive reporting of the suicide of a celebrity or idol.[5]

By country

{{See also|List of countries by suicide rate}}

Suicide rates are highest in Europe's Baltic states, where around 40 people per 100,000 die by suicide each year. The lowest rates are found mainly in Caribbean/West Indies nations and a few countries in Asia.[4]

As many as 60,000 people commit suicide in Russia every year;[6] approximately 30,000 people die by suicide each year in the United States;[7] over 30,000 kill themselves in Japan;[8] and about 25,000 commit suicide each year in China.[9] In western countries men commit suicide at four times the rate of women. Women are more likely to attempt suicide than men.[10]

The countries of the former Soviet Bloc have the highest suicide rate in the world. Rate of suicide in South Korea is the highest among any other East Asian countries. The region with the lowest suicide rate is Latin America.[11]

China is the only country in the world where the rate of suicide by women matches that of men, with statistics even showing a slightly higher number of female cases.[12]

Demographics

Gender and suicide

{{main|Gender paradox in suicide}}{{Double image|right|Male suicide rates 2015 (crude).svg|250|Female suicide rates 2015 (crude).svg|250|Suicide rates per 100,000 males (left) and females (right).{{Col-begin}}{{Col-break}}{{legend|#fef23d|0 - 5}}{{legend|#f0c809|5 - 10}}{{Col-break}}{{legend|#ff980d|10 - 15}}{{legend|#f05c0d|15 - 25}}{{Col-break}}{{legend|#cd281b|25 - 35}}{{legend|#b00507|Above 35}}{{Col-break}}{{legend|#d1d1d1|No data}}{{col-end}}
||}}

In the United States, males are four times more likely to die by suicide than females, although more women than men report suicide attempts and self-harm with suicidal intentions. Male suicide rates are higher than females in all age groups (the ratio varies from 3:1 to 10:1). In other western countries, males are also much more likely to die by suicide than females (usually by a factor of 3–4:1). It was the 8th leading cause of death for males, and 19th leading cause of death for females.[13]

Excess male mortality from suicide is lower in non-Western where as of 2015 in China (about one fifth of world population) and seven more countries it is absent, with females more likely to die by suicide than males by a factor of 1.3–1.6[15][16]

{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| width = 220
| image1 = Suicide by region, white men.png
| image2 = Suicide by region, white women.png
| footer = United States suicide rates for white men and for white women, by Health Service Area (1988–1992). Both maps use same color scale: note the large difference in rates between men and women. The regional patterns for men and women were similar, but not the same.
}}

Race and sexual orientation

{{See also|Suicide among LGBT youth|Homosexuality and psychology}}

In 2003, in the United States, whites and Asians were nearly 2.5 times more likely to kill themselves than were blacks or Hispanics.[17] There is a marked divergence by age as seen in the chart below. In the eastern portion of the world (primarily in Asian or Pacific-Island countries) the numbers of reported suicides is growing every year.[18]

The likelihood of suicide attempts are increased in both gay males and lesbians, as well as bisexuals of both sexes when compared to their heterosexual counterparts.[19][20][21] The trend of having a higher incident rate among females is no exception with lesbians or bisexual females and when compared with homosexual males, lesbians are more likely to attempt than gay or bisexual males.[22]

Studies vary with just how increased the risk is compared to heterosexuals with a low of 0.8-1.1 times more likely for females[23] and 1.5-2.5 times more likely for males.[24][25] The highs reach 4.6 more likely in females[26] and 14.6 more likely in males.[27]

Race and age play a factor in the increased risk. The highest ratios for males are attributed to caucasians when they are in their youth. By the age of 25, their risk is down to less than half of what it was however black gay males risk steadily increases to 8.6 times more likely. Through a lifetime the risks are 5.7 for white and 12.8 for black gay and bisexual males.[27]

Lesbian and bisexual females have opposite effects with less attempts in youth when compared to heterosexual females. Through a lifetime the likelihood to attempt nearly triple the youth 1.1 ratio for caucasian females, however for black females the rate is affected very little (less than 0.1 to 0.3 difference) with heterosexual black females having a slightly higher risk throughout most of the age-based study.[27]

Gay and lesbian youth who attempt suicide are disproportionately subject to anti-gay attitudes, and have weaker skills for coping with discrimination, isolation, and loneliness,[27][28] and were more likely to experience family rejection[29] than those who do not attempt suicide. Another study found that gay and bisexual youth who attempted suicide had more feminine gender roles,[30] adopted an LGB identity at a young age and were more likely than peers to report sexual abuse, drug abuse, and arrests for misconduct.[30]

One study found that same-sex sexual behavior, but not homosexual attraction or homosexual identity, was significantly predictive of suicide among Norwegian adolescents.[31] In Denmark, the age-adjusted suicide mortality risk for men in registered domestic partnerships was nearly eight times greater than for men with positive histories of heterosexual marriage and nearly twice as high for men who had never married.[32]

A study of suicide, undertaken in Sweden, involved the analysis of data records for 6,456 same-sex married couples and 1,181,723 man-women marriages. Even with Sweden's tolerant attitude regarding homosexuality, it was determined that for same-sex married men the suicide risk was nearly three times higher than for different-sex married men, even after an adjustment for HIV status. For women, it was shown that there was a tentatively elevated suicide risk for same-sex married women over that of different-sex married women.[33]

Social factors

Higher levels of social and national cohesion reduce suicide rates. Suicide levels are highest among the retired, unemployed, impoverished, divorced, the childless, urbanites,{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} empty nesters, and other people who live alone. Suicide rates also rise during times of economic uncertainty. (Although poverty is not a direct cause, it can contribute to the risk of suicide).[34]

Epidemiological studies generally show a relationship between suicide or suicidal behaviors and socio-economic disadvantage, including limited educational achievement, homelessness, unemployment, economic dependence, and contact with the police or justice system.[34] War is traditionally believed to be associated with a fall in suicide rates; however, this has been questioned in recent studies, showing a more complex picture than previously conceived.[35][36]

A 2015 UK study by the Office for National Statistics, commissioned by Public Health England, which considered 18,998 deaths of people aged between 20 and 64, found that men working in the construction industry and women employed in culture, media and sport, healthcare and primary school teaching were at the highest risk of suicide.[37]

Health and suicide

Depression, either unipolar or as part of bipolar disorder, is an especially common cause. Substance abuse, severe physical disease or infirmity are also recognized causes.

An unknown number of suicidal fatalities are falsely presumed to be the consequences of severe illnesses, infectious, malignant, mental et cetera.{{clarify|date=August 2016}}

Suicide and body mass index

Risk of suicide may decrease with increased weight and is low in obese persons.[38] The connection is not well understood, but it is hypothesized that elevated body weight results in higher circulating levels of tryptophan, serotonin, and leptin, which in turn reduces impulsivity.[39]

However, other studies indicate that suicide rates increase with extreme obesity, and it is difficult to control for conflating factors such as BMI-related differences in longevity, which have a significant bearing on suicide rates.[40]

Seasonal suicide

{{main|Seasonal effects on suicide rates}}

The idea that suicide is more common during the winter holidays (including Christmas in the northern hemisphere) is actually a myth, generally reinforced by media coverage associating suicide with the holiday season. The National Center for Health Statistics found that suicides drop during the winter months, and peak during spring and early summer.[41][42] Considering that there is a correlation between the winter season and rates of depression,[43] there are theories that this might be accounted for by capability to commit suicide and relative cheerfulness.[44] Suicide has also been linked to other seasonal factors.[45]

The variation in suicides by day of week is actually greater than any seasonal variation.[46]

Suicide trends

Certain time trends can be related to the type of death. In the United Kingdom, for example, the steady rise in suicides from 1945 to 1962-63 was probably to some extent curtailed following the removal of carbon monoxide from domestic gas supplies which occurred with the change from coal gas to natural gas during the sixties.[47] Methods vary across cultures, and the easy availability of lethal agents and materials plays a role.

It is estimated that global annual suicide fatalities could rise to 1.5 million by 2020.

Worldwide, suicide ranks among the three leading causes of death among those aged 15–44 years. Suicide attempts are up to 20 times more frequent than completed suicides.[48]

Historical trends

Historical data show lower suicide rates during periods of war.[49][50][51]

See also

  • Copycat suicide
  • Suicide epidemic

References

1. ^Data from Global Health Observatory Data Repository - Suicide rates Data by country (2012)
2. ^{{cite news|title=World Suicide Prevention Day is marked |url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2004/0910/suicide.html|accessdate=11 June 2012 |newspaper=Raidió Teilifís Éireann|date=10 September 2004}}
3. ^{{cite web | title=Suicide prevention | publisher=World Health Organization | date=February 16, 2006 | work=WHO Sites: Mental Health | url=http://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/suicideprevent/en/ | accessdate=2006-04-11}}
4. ^1 {{cite web | author=Staff | title=Self-directed violence | publisher=World Health Organization | year=2002 | url=http://www.who.int/entity/violence_injury_prevention/violence/world_report/factsheets/en/selfdirectedviolfacts.pdf | accessdate=2006-04-11}}
5. ^{{cite web |author = Staff |title = Frequently Asked Questions about Suicide |publisher = National Institute of Mental Health (United States) |date = December 1999 |work = NIMH: Suicide Prevention |url = http://www.nimh.nih.gov/suicideprevention/suicidefaq.cfm |accessdate = 2006-04-11 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060308181709/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/suicideprevention/suicidefaq.cfm |archivedate = 2006-03-08 |df = }}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://en.rian.ru/russia/20061004/54514777.html|title=60,000 people commit suicide in Russia annually|last=Sputnik|publisher=rian.ru|accessdate=19 March 2017}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/factsheets/suifacts.htm|title=National Center for Injury Prevention and Control - Home Page-Injury Center-CDC|publisher=cdc.gov|accessdate=19 March 2017}}
8. ^{{Cite web |url=http://asia.news.yahoo.com/070607/kyodo/d8pjn43o0.html |title=Suicides in Japan top 30,000 for 9th straight year |publisher=Yahoo! |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070905215736/http://asia.news.yahoo.com/070607/kyodo/d8pjn43o0.html |archivedate=2007-09-05 |df= }}
9. ^250,000 Chinese Kill Themselves Annually: Official
10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/the-numbers-count-mental-disorders-in-america.shtml#WeissmanPrevalenceSui |title=The Numbers Count: Mental Disorders in America — Suicide |accessdate=2007-12-11 |publisher=National Institute of Mental Health |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071022033442/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/the-numbers-count-mental-disorders-in-america.shtml#WeissmanPrevalenceSui |archivedate=2007-10-22 |df= }}
11. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/3639152.stm|title=BBC NEWS - In Depth - More killed by suicide than war|publisher=bc.co.uk|accessdate=19 March 2017|date=2004-09-08}}
12. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YqN-8XHDNX8C&pg=PA30|title=Why People Die by Suicide|first=Thomas|last=Joiner|date=30 September 2007|publisher=Harvard University Press|accessdate=19 March 2017|via=Google Books|isbn=9780674039209}}
13. ^{{cite web | title=Teen Suicide Statistics | publisher=FamilyFirstAid.org | year=2001 | work=Adolescent Teenage Suicide Prevention | url=http://www.familyfirstaid.org/suicide.html | accessdate=2006-04-11}}
14. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/datawh/statab/unpubd/mortabs.htm|title=Referral Page - N C H S - Data Warehouse|publisher=cdc.gov|accessdate=19 March 2017}}
15. ^{{cite book |author=Jodi O'Brien (Editor)|publisher=SAGE Publications |title=Encyclopedia of Gender and Society (p. 817) |url=https://books.google.com/?id=Lr91AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT869&lpg=PT869&dq=gender+paradox+suicidal+behavior#v=onepage&q&f=false |date=2009|isbn=9781452266022 }}
16. ^{{cite web |title=Suicide rates, crude - Data by country |publisher=WHO |date=2018-04-05 |url=http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.MHSUICIDE?lang=en}}
17. ^{{cite journal| last1 = Hoyert| first1 = Donna| first2= Melonie P. |last2=Heron |first3=Sherry L. |last3=Murphy |first4=Hsiang-Ching |last4=Kung | title = Deaths: Final Data for 2003| journal = National Vital Statistics Report| volume = 54| issue = 13| date = 2006-04-19| url = https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr54/nvsr54_13.pdf| accessdate = 2006-07-22 }}
18. ^{{citation | title=Epidemiology of Suicide | publisher=Marten Publications | year=2008 | work=Behind Asia's Epidemic}}
19. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1300/J035v15n03_06 |title=Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual College Students |year=2001 |last1=Westefeld |first1=John |first2=Michael |first3=Brian |first4=Steve |journal=Journal of College Student Psychotherapy |volume=15 |pages=71–82 |last2=Maples |last3=Buford |last4=Taylor |issue=3}}
20. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Ridder EM, Beautrais AL |title=Sexual orientation and mental health in a birth cohort of young adults |journal=Psychological Medicine |volume=35 |issue=7 |pages=971–81 |date=July 2005 |pmid=16045064 |doi=10.1017/S0033291704004222}}
21. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Silenzio VM, Pena JB, Duberstein PR, Cerel J, Knox KL |title=Sexual Orientation and Risk Factors for Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts Among Adolescents and Young Adults |journal=American Journal of Public Health |volume=97 |issue=11 |pages=2017–9 |date=November 2007 |pmid=17901445 |doi=10.2105/AJPH.2006.095943 |pmc=2040383}}
22. ^[https://www.ucalgary.ca/~ramsay/attempted-suicide-gay-lesbian-all-studies.htm Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual & Transgender "Attempted Suicide" Incidences/Risks Suicidality Studies From 1970 to 2009]
23. ^Bell & Weinberg (1978): Tables 21.14 & 21.15, pages 453-454.
24. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Safren SA, Heimberg RG |title=Depression, hopelessness, suicidality, and related factors in sexual minority and heterosexual adolescents |journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology |volume=67 |issue=6 |pages=859–66 |date=December 1999 |pmid=10596508 |doi=10.1037/0022-006X.67.6.859}}
25. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Russell ST, Joyner K |title=Adolescent Sexual Orientation and Suicide Risk: Evidence From a National Study |journal=American Journal of Public Health |volume=91 |issue=8 |pages=1276–81 |date=August 2001 |pmid=11499118 |pmc=1446760 |doi=10.2105/AJPH.91.8.1276}}
26. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Saghir MT, Robins E, Walbran B, Gentry KA |title=Homosexuality. IV. Psychiatric disorders and disability in the female homosexual |journal=The American Journal of Psychiatry |volume=127 |issue=2 |pages=147–54 |date=August 1970 |pmid=5473144 |url=http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=5473144|doi=10.1176/ajp.127.2.147 }}
27. ^1 2 3 ed. Sandfort, T; et al. Lesbian and Gay Studies: An Introductory, Interdisciplinary Approach. Chapter 2.
28. ^Rotheram-Boris, et al. (1994); Proctor and Groze (1994)
29. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Ryan C, Huebner D, Diaz RM, Sanchez J |title=Family rejection as a predictor of negative health outcomes in white and Latino lesbian, gay, and bisexual young adults |journal=Pediatrics |volume=123 |issue=1 |pages=346–52 |date=January 2009 |pmid=19117902 |doi=10.1542/peds.2007-3524}}
30. ^1 {{cite journal |vauthors=Remafedi G, Farrow JA, Deisher RW |title=Risk factors for attempted suicide in gay and bisexual youth |journal=Pediatrics |volume=87 |issue=6 |pages=869–75 |date=June 1991 |pmid=2034492 |url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/abstract/87/6/869}}
31. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Wichstrøm L, Hegna K |title=Sexual orientation and suicide attempt: a longitudinal study of the general Norwegian adolescent population |journal=Journal of Abnormal Psychology |volume=112 |issue=1 |pages=144–51 |date=February 2003 |pmid=12653422 |doi=10.1037/0021-843X.112.1.144}}
32. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Mathy RM, Cochran SD, Olsen J, Mays VM |title=The association between relationship markers of sexual orientation and suicide: Denmark, 1990–2001 |journal=Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol |volume= 46|issue= 2|pages= 111–7|date=December 2009 |pmid=20033129 |doi=10.1007/s00127-009-0177-3 |pmc=3034881}}
33. ^{{cite journal|title=Suicide in married couples in Sweden: Is the risk greater in same-sex couples |author=Björkenstam, Charlotte|display-authors=etal|date=11 May 2016|journal=European Journal of Epidemiology|doi=10.1007/s10654-016-0154-6 |pmid=27168192|volume=31 |issue = 7|pages=685–690}}
34. ^1 {{cite web | author=Diego De Leo & Russell Evans (Griffith University) | title=International Suicide Rates: Recent Trends and Implications for Australia | publisher=Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention | year=2003 | url=http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/1D2B4E895BCD429ECA2572290027094D/$File/intsui.pdf | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120824231716/http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/1D2B4E895BCD429ECA2572290027094D/$File/intsui.pdf | archivedate=24 August 2012 | accessdate=2008-08-29}}
35. ^Changes in Scottish suicide rates during the Second World War. Rob Henderson, Cameron Stark, Roger W Humphry, Sivasubramaniam Selvaraj; BMC Public Health 2006, 6:167 {{doi|10.1186/1471-2458-6-167}}. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/6/167
36. ^Suicide and the war in Croatia. A. Bosnar, V. Stemberga, M. Coklo, G. Zamolo Koncar, M. Definis-Gojanovic, V. Sendula-Jengic, P. Katic; Forensic Science Int, Volume 147, Supplement, Pages S13-S16 (17 January 2005), {{doi|10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.09.086}}. http://www.fsijournal.org/article/S0379-0738(04)00600-0/abstract
37. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/mar/17/male-construction-workers-greatest-risk-suicide-england-study-finds|title=Male construction workers at greatest risk of suicide, study finds|first=Haroon|last=Siddique|date=17 March 2017|publisher=|accessdate=19 March 2017|via=The Guardian|newspaper=The Guardian}}
38. ^1 {{cite journal |vauthors=Mukamal KJ, Rimm EB, Kawachi I, O'Reilly EJ, Calle EE, Miller M |title=Body Mass Index and Risk of Suicide Among One Million US Adults |journal=Epidemiology |volume= 21|issue= 1|pages= 82–6|date=November 2009 |pmid=19907331 |doi=10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181c1fa2d |url=}}
39. ^{{cite journal|author1=Ottar Bjerkeset |author2=Pål Romundstad |author3=Jonathan Evans |author4=David Gunnell |title=Association of Adult Body Mass Index and Height with Anxiety, Depression, and Suicide in the General Population|journal=Am. J. Epidemiol.|year=2008|url=http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/167/2/193.full|pmid=17981889|doi=10.1093/aje/kwm280|volume=167|issue=2|pages=193–202}}
40. ^{{Cite journal|last=Wagner|first=B|title=Extreme obesity is associated with suicidal behavior and suicide attempts in adults: results of a population-based representative sample|journal=Depression and Anxiety|pmid=23576272|doi=10.1002/da.22105|volume=30|issue=10|pages=975–81|year=2013}}
41. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=17344747|title=Study: Suicides Drop During Holidays|accessdate=19 March 2017}}
42. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ViolencePrevention/suicide/holiday.html|title=Holiday Suicides: Fact or Myth-Suicide-Violence Prevention-Injury Center-CDC|accessdate=19 March 2017|date=2017-01-25}}
43. ^See Seasonal affective disorder
44. ^{{cite journal|url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2013085-overview|title=Suicide: Practice Essentials, Overview, Etiology|date=28 October 2016|accessdate=19 March 2017|via=eMedicine}}
45. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/820241.stm|title=BBC News - HEALTH - Suicide 'linked to' the moon|accessdate=19 March 2017}}
46. ^  NBC News article referencing a study published in Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
47. ^{{Cite journal | jstor = 25565893 | last1 = Kreitman | first1 = N. | title = The coal gas story. United Kingdom suicide rates, 1960-71 | journal = British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine | volume = 30 | issue = 2 | pages = 86–93 | year = 1976 | pmid = 953381 | pmc = 478945 | doi=10.1136/jech.30.2.86}}
48. ^{{cite web | author=Staff | title=SUPRE | publisher=World Health Organization | date=February 16, 2006 | work=WHO sites: Mental Health | url=http://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/supresuicideprevent/en/index.html | accessdate=2006-04-11}}
49. ^{{cite journal|url=https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/39/6/1464/736597/Suicide-in-England-and-Wales-1861-2007-a-time|title=Suicide in England and Wales 1861–2007: a time-trends analysis|first1=Kyla|last1=Thomas|first2=David|last2=Gunnell|date=1 December 2010|journal=Int J Epidemiol|volume=39|issue=6|pages=1464–1475|accessdate=19 March 2017|via=ije.oxfordjournals.org|doi=10.1093/ije/dyq094|pmid=20519333}}
50. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/2263690.stm|title=BBC NEWS - Health - More suicides under Conservative rule|publisher=|accessdate=19 March 2017|date=2002-09-18}}
51. ^{{Cite web | url=http://www.ww2talk.com/index.php?threads/suicide.4779/ | title=Suicide during the Second World War}}
{{Global epidemiology}}

4 : Suicide|Epidemiology|Suicide rates|Mental health by country
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