| 词条 | Seyla Benhabib |
| 释义 |
| honorific_prefix = | name = Seyla Benhabib | native_name = | honorific_suffix = | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | other_names = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1950}} | birth_place = Istanbul, Turkey | death_date = | death_place = | death_cause = | residence = | nationality = | spouse = | education = Yale University (PhD), Brandeis University (BA), Robert College (BA) | notable_works = | awards = | signature = | signature_size = | signature_alt = | era = Contemporary philosophy | region = Western philosophy | school_tradition = Critical theory, feminist philosophy | institutions = Yale University | thesis_title = | thesis_url = | thesis_year = | doctoral_advisor = | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = Arash Abizadeh | notable_students = | main_interests = Political theory (especially democratic politics and human migration), discourse ethics, identity | notable_ideas = Reconciliation of cosmopolitanism and pluralism | influences = Hannah Arendt, Jürgen Habermas, G.W.F. Hegel,[1] Immanuel Kant[2] | influenced = | website = {{URL|https://campuspress.yale.edu/seylabenhabib/}} }} Seyla Benhabib ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|eɪ|l|ə|_|ˌ|b|ɛ|n|h|ə|ˈ|b|iː|b}};[3] born September 9, 1950) is a Turkish-born American philosopher of Sephardic ancestry.[4] She is Eugene Mayer Professor of Political Science and Philosophy at Yale University and was director of the program in Ethics, Politics, and Economics from 2002-2008. Benhabib is well known for her work in political philosophy, which draws on critical theory and feminist political theory. She has written extensively on the philosophers Hannah Arendt and Jürgen Habermas, as well as on the topic of human migration. She is the author of numerous books, and she has received several prestigious awards and lectureships in recognition of her work. LifeBorn in Istanbul, Benhabib was educated at English-language schools in that city. She received a B.A. in 1970 from Robert College, then called the American College for Girls in Istanbul,[5] before leaving for the United States. She received a B.A. from Brandeis University in 1972 and a Ph.D. from Yale in 1977.[5] She traces her family history back to the 1492 expulsion of Jews from Spain on the "second reconquista."[4] Benhabib taught in the departments of philosophy at Boston University, SUNY Stony Brook, the New School for Social Research, and the Department of Government at Harvard University, before taking her current position at Yale. She has also served on editorial advisory boards for a number of journals, including Political Theory, Human Rights Review, Journal of International Political Theory, and Ethics & International Affairs. In 1992, she co-founded with Andrew Arato the journal Constellations: An International Journal of Critical and Democratic Theory and served as its co-editor-in-chief until 1997.[6] She served as President of the Eastern Division of the American Philosophical Association in 2006-2007.[7] Benhabib has received numerous honors and awards for her work. She was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1995.[8] She held the Spinoza Chair of Philosophy at the University of Amsterdam in 2000[9] and was a Tanner Lecturer at UC, Berkeley in 2004.[10] In the 2008-2009 academic year, she was a Fellow at the Institute for Advanced Study in Berlin (Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin). In 2012 she was awarded the Dr. Leopold-Lucas Prize by the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen in recognition of outstanding achievement in the field of theology, intellectual history, historical research and philosophy, as well as the commitment to international understanding and tolerance.[11] In 2014, she received an Honorary Doctorate of Human Letters from Georgetown University[12] and the Meister Eckhart Prize for her work on the subject of identity. She is married to well-known author and journalist Jim Sleeper. ThoughtDemocratic theoristDemocratic theorists advocate discussion within cultures and support social change. Benhabib is a liberal democratic theorist who does not believe in the purity of cultures; she thinks of them as formed through dialogues with other cultures. Human cultures are, according to Benhabib, the constant change of imaginary boundaries. They influence each other and sometimes radicalize or conform as a reaction on other cultures. Benhabib argues that in democratic theory it is assumed that every single person should be able to determine their own life. She argues that pluralism, the existence of fundamentally different cultures, is compatible with cosmopolitanism, if three conditions are fulfilled. These conditions are:
It is contested whether cultural diversity and democratic equality can co-exist. Many cultures are not compatible with one or more of the three given conditions. For example, the first condition is violated within several cultures, such as the Kurds in Turkey or the Roma in Eastern Europe. Every nation state has groups that are not accepted by the majority. Some governments do nothing to stop discrimination against minorities. The second and third condition are also problematic. Thus, at present there seems to be no examples of states practicing a perfect version of Benhabib's system of mixing pluralism with cosmopolitanism. This does, of course, not rule out that it is possible, nor that it is a societal goal worth striving for. Porous bordersBenhabib prefers a world with porous borders. She argues that political boundaries define some as members, but lock others out. She has written: "I think it is possible to have an empire without borders; I don't think it is possible to have a democracy without borders."[13] More and more people live in countries which are not their own, as state sovereignty is not as strong as in the past. Benhabib argues that somebody who is stateless is seen as an outcast and is in a way rightless. Current policy still sees national borders as a means to keep out strangers. Benhabib's cosmopolitan view is inspired by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant. Kant's Perpetual peace concerns three articles which together are key to creating perpetual peace. In the third article Kant says that the rights of world citizens shall be limited to the right of universal hospitality. In Kant's view, every single person has the right to go wherever they like without fear of hostility from their hosts. Benhabib takes this right as a starting point which resulted in her thoughts about migration and refugee problems. Benhabib goes further than Kant, arguing that the human right of hospitality should not apply to a single visit, but in some cases to long-term stays. For example, a country shouldn't send a refugee back when it is not sure whether they are safe in the country of origin. Nations should have obligations to exiles and refugees, and these obligations are different from the obligations to immigrants. Selected bibliographyBooks
Articles
See also
References1. ^{{cite web |title=Conversation with Seya Benhabib: Education |url=http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people4/Benhabib/benhabib-con2.html |website=UC, Berkeley |accessdate=11 July 2018}} 2. ^{{cite web |title=Conversation with Seya Benhabib: Enduring Ideals of Kant |url=http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people4/Benhabib/benhabib-con5.html |website=UC, Berkeley |accessdate=11 July 2018}} 3. ^Harry Kreisler, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfQqPdcAG60 "Seyla Benhabib - Conversations with History"] 4. ^1 {{cite web|title=Conversation with Seyla Benhabib: Background|url=http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people4/Benhabib/benhabib-con1.html|work=Conversations with History|publisher=Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley|accessdate=July 11, 2018}} 5. ^1 {{cite web|title=Seyla Benhabib |url=http://www.law.yale.edu/faculty/SBenhabib.htm |work=Yale Law School |accessdate=June 2, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110222050647/http://www.law.yale.edu/faculty/SBenhabib.htm |archivedate=February 22, 2011 }} 6. ^{{cite web |title=Professional & Civic Activities |url=https://campuspress.yale.edu/seylabenhabib/professional-civic-activities |website=Seyla Benhabib |publisher=Yale University |accessdate=11 July 2018}} 7. ^{{cite web |title=APA Divisional Presidents and Addresses |url=https://www.apaonline.org/page/presidents |website=American Philosophical Association |accessdate=11 July 2018}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter B|url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterB.pdf|publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences|accessdate=June 2, 2011}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.uva.nl/en/disciplines/philosophy/home/components-centrecolumn/the-spinoza-chair.html|title=The Spinoza Chair|author=Universiteit van Amsterdam|work=uva.nl}} 10. ^{{cite web |title=Lecture Library |url=https://tannerlectures.utah.edu/lecture-library.php |website=The Tanner Lectures |publisher=University of Utah |accessdate=11 July 2018 |ref=https://tannerlectures.utah.edu/lecture-library.php}} 11. ^2012 Dr. Leopold Lucas Prize: {{cite web|title=Gleichheit und Differenz|publisher=Mohr Siebeck|isbn = 978-3-16-152612-1|year = 2012|location = Tübingen}} 12. ^{{cite news |url= http://www.georgetown.edu/hoyas2014/speakers.html |title= Georgetown Announces Speakers for 2014 Commencement |date= May 1, 2014 |work= Georgetown University |accessdate= May 1, 2014 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140502033259/http://www.georgetown.edu/hoyas2014/speakers.html |archivedate= May 2, 2014 |df= }} 13. ^{{cite web|title=Conversation with Seyla Benhabib: The Effects of Globalization|url=http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people4/Benhabib/benhabib-con6.html|website=Conversations with History|publisher=Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley|accessdate=28 January 2017}} External links
30 : 1950 births|Robert College alumni|Living people|Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences|American political theorists|20th-century American philosophers|21st-century American philosophers|American women philosophers|Feminist studies scholars|American feminist writers|Sephardi Jews|Turkish Jews|People from Istanbul|Boston University faculty|Harvard University faculty|Yale University faculty|State University of New York at Stony Brook faculty|The New School faculty|Brandeis University alumni|Yale University alumni|Guggenheim Fellows|Turkish philosophers|Women biographers|20th-century women writers|21st-century women writers|20th-century American biographers|21st-century American biographers|Turkish women writers|Philosophers from New York (state)|Philosophers from Massachusetts |
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