“Episkopon”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Episkopon (Greek: ΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΩΝ, "bishop") is a secret society at Trinity College in the University of Toronto, which has been active since 1858 when its male branch was founded. The 225th reading was held in 2011.^[1] A female branch of Episkopon has been active since 1899, holding their 175th Reading in 2017^[2]. Prominent alumni of the Episkopon include Former Canadian Minister of Foreign Affairs Bill Graham, filmmaker Atom Egoyan, and Former Canadian Governor General Adrienne Clarkson.

The male and female branches both present three annual Readings during which they publicly satirize the goings-on about college through a wide range of jokes, songs, and poems delivered mostly by the branch's leader, the Scribe.^[3] The society's mythological premise is to deliver "gentle chastisement" on behalf of the Venerable Father (or Mother) Episkopon, a spirit who supposedly resides at Trinity and who is represented at Readings by a human skull.^[3] Described in the media as a "self-perpetuating board of directors", the clandestine group of former Scribes and their assisting editors style themselves as the Order of the Golden Key.^[3] The motto of the organization is from Horace: Notandi Sunt Tibi Mores (Latin: "The manners of men are to be carefully observed").

In 1992, Episkopon was censured and forcibly disassociated by the Trinity College Council following allegations of racism and homophobia.^[4] Despite policies prohibiting Episkopon from engaging in any activities on College property, the society has nevertheless continued to play a controversial role in undergraduate life at Trinity.^[5]

History

Episkopon has existed since 1858, when it was announced that the first Scribe was Pakenham Edward Stewart, later an Anglican priest.^[1] Episkopon began as a student newspaper, developed into a form in which only one copy of each edition was created, to be read aloud by the Scribe.^[1] Episkopon provides insight into College history, through the keeping of archives dating back to 1879.{{When|date=April 2010}}^[4] A poster by artist Roloff Beny advertising a Reading from 1945 is in possession of the National Archives of Canada.^[6] Also in the National Archives is a film about the former Trinity College campus on Queen Street West, made by Gordon Sparling, in which Episkopon's traditions feature prominently.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} A board listing the names of female Scribes once hung in Trinity's St. Hilda's College, but was removed upon the group's decision to disassociate from the College, a show of solidarity with the male branch in the 1990s.{{When|date=April 2010}}{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}}

In 2018, the Trinity College Meeting - the student government of Trinity College - passed a non-binding motion requesting student leaders not to join Episkopon.

Controversy

One attempted student suicide was allegedly linked to a 1985 reading, although the circumstances of the connection were not reported.^[5] In October 1991, following accusations{{By whom|date=April 2010}} of racism, sexism, and homophobia in Episkopon, a task force was formed to investigate it and Trinity College at large.^[4] When the male Scribe of the 1992-1993 academic year refused to draft a constitution that was consistent with the task force's recommendations, the Trinity College Council voted unanimously to sever all ties with the organization.^[7] Investigative journalist Declan Hill, a Trinity alumnus,^[8] in a 1993 documentary broadcast on the CBC Radio program Ideas, claimed that Episkopon's Readings tended to ridicule certain groups and actions as a form of social control. The article cited student objections to the singling out of individuals for public shaming.^[9] In 2008, a prospective male member of Episkopon sustained head injuries when he tripped and fell down a hill during an initiation ritual.^[10]

References

1. ^¹²Trinity, 1852-1952: Published as a special centennial issue of the Trinity Review.{{Verify source|date=April 2010}}
2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://sce.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/Trinity_College_Background|title=Trinity College Background|last=|first=|date=March 2012|website=The Senior College Encyclopedia|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
3. ^Hill, Declan. "The Tempest at Trinity". Ideas, 1993. Toronto: CBC Radio
4. ^¹²³⁴{{cite journal |title= Is the student society at venerable Trinity College guilty of offensive human-rights abuses? Or is this another sanctimonious outcry from the prissy ranks of the politically correct? |journal= The Globe and Mail |date= 1992-09-05 |last= Mitchell |first= Alanna |pages=D1}}
5. ^¹{{cite journal |journal= The Toronto Star |first= Tanya |last= Talaga |title= Secret student group divides U of T's Trinity College; Once banned from campus, society returns |date= 1999-03-27 |pages= 1}}
6. ^National Archives of Canada {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930202022/http://mikan3.archives.ca/pam/public_mikan/index.php?fuseaction=genitem.displayItem&lang=eng&rec_nbr=185554& |date=2007-09-30 }}
7. ^{{cite journal |journal= The Globe and Mail |first= Donald |last= Grant |title= Toronto Live: Links to Episkopon Cut |date= 1992-10-06 |pages= 1}}
8. ^Declan Hill's resume on his personal website {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709005319/http://www.declanhill.com/resumes/DHill-resume2009.doc |date=2011-07-09 }}
9. ^{{cite journal |journal = National Post |last = Black |first = Shannon |title = Juvenile jokes or cruel cuts? Episkopon, the 140-year-old vehicle of public shaming at U of T's Trinity College |volume= 1 |issue = 129 |pages = B12}}
10. ^{{cite journal |journal= The Toronto Star |first= Iain |last= Marlow |title= U of T's Trinity College Tainted by Secret Society: Ritualized Debauchery, Hazing Tarnish Venerable College's Traditions |date= 2009-05-25 |pages= 2}} [https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/article/639748]