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词条 SG-43 Goryunov
释义

  1. Users

  2. See also

  3. References

  4. External links

{{More footnotes|date=April 2009}}{{Infobox weapon
|is_ranged=yes
|name=SG-43
|image=SG DF-ST-86-08093.jpg
|image_size=300
|caption=Egyptian marines with SG-43, 1985
|origin=Soviet Union
|type=Medium machine gun
|designer=P.M. Goryunov
|design_date=1940–1943[1]
|service=1943–1968 (Soviet Union)
|wars=World War II, Korean War, Vietnam War, Hungarian Revolution of 1956, North Yemen Civil War, Yom Kippur War, Lebanese Civil War, Wars in Afghanistan, Somali Civil War, Gulf War, Burundian Civil War, Congo-Brazzaville Civil War, Iraq War, Kivu conflict, Northern Mali Conflict, Syrian Civil War
|cartridge=7.62×54mmR
|action=Gas-operated
|rate=500–700 rounds/min
|velocity=800 m/s (2,624 ft/s)
|range=1100 m (1200 yd)
|max_range=1,500 meters[2]
|weight={{convert|13.8|kg|lb|2|abbr=on}} gun body
{{convert|41|kg|lb|2|abbr=on}} on wheeled mount
|length={{convert|1150|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
|part_length={{convert|720|mm|abbr=on|1}}
|feed=200 or 250 round belts
|sights=Iron sights
|variants=SG-43, SGM, SGMT, SGMB
|number=
}}

The SG-43 Goryunov (Russian: Станковый пулемет системы Горюнова, Stankovyy pulemet sistemi Goryunova, meaning "Mounted machinegun, Goryunov design") was a Soviet medium machine gun that was introduced during the Second World War. It was chambered for the 7.62×54mmR cartridge, and was introduced in 1943 as a replacement for the older M1910 Maxim machine guns. It was mounted on wheeled mounts, tripods and armored vehicles.

The SG-43 used a tilting breechblock, moving sideways and locking into the side of the receiver. The feed is not straightforward, as the gun fires the 7.62×54mmR round, and this has to be withdrawn rearwards from the belt before ramming into the breech. The reciprocating motion is achieved by using two claws to pull the round from the belt, and then an arm pushes the round into the cartridge guide ready for the bolt to carry it to the breech. Despite this complication, the SG-43 was remarkably reliable and feed jams were apparently few.

The barrel is air-cooled and massively dense, contributing to a fairly high overall weight. The bore is chromium-plated and able to withstand continuous fire for long periods. The barrel can also be easily changed by releasing a simple lock, and the carrying handle allows a hot barrel to be lifted clear without difficulty. The World War II version of the gun had a smooth outline to the barrel, and the cocking handle was under the receiver, with no dust covers to the feed and ejection ports.

After the end of World War II, the SG-43 was improved and renamed SGM ("M" for modernized); dust covers and a new barrel lock were fitted, and a splined barrel was fitted to improve cooling.{{sfn|Smith|1969|p=607}} A coaxially-mounted stockless electric solenoid-fired variant was developed under the designation SGMT (the "T" standing for Tankovy, or "Tank"). The SG-43M and SGMB are versions modified with dust covers and used mostly on armoured personnel carriers.{{sfn|Smith|1969|p=608}}

The SG-43/SGM was widely exported and also licensed for construction in several countries. It was manufactured in the People's Republic of China as the Type 53 (SG-43) and Type 57 (SGM) heavy machine guns.{{sfn|Smith|1969|p=297}} It was also produced in Czechoslovakia (as Vz 43) and Poland (as Wz 43).[3]

In addition to World War II, SG-43 saw service in the Korean War with the Communist North Korean and Chinese forces.[4] In Soviet service, the Goryunov, together with the RP-46, was replaced in the 1960s by the PK machine gun due to the switch in Soviet tactical doctrine to the general-purpose machine gun concept, rendering the gun effectively obsolete.{{sfn|Smith|1969|p=608}}

Users

  • {{flag|Afghanistan}}: used by DRA and Mujahideens during the Soviet–Afghan War[5][6] and by Afghan National Army{{sfn|Neville|2018|page=26}}
  • {{flag|Albania}}{{cn|date=August 2018}}
  • {{flag|Burundi}}: Burundian rebels[7]
  • {{flag|Central African Republic}}[8]
  • {{flag|China}}: Type 53 and Type 57{{sfn|Smith|1969|p=297}}
  • {{flag|Cuba}}: SG-43{{sfn|Smith|1969|p=300}}
  • {{flag|Cyprus}}{{cn|date=August 2018}}
  • {{flag|Republic of Congo}}: Chinese-made SGM used by Cocoye militia during Congo Civil War[9]
  • {{flag|Democratic Republic of Congo}}: Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo used SGMs[10]
  • {{flagicon image|Flagge FDLR.svg}} Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda, sometimes known as MILOU, for mitrailleuse lourde (heavy machine gun)[10]
  • {{flag|Czechoslovakia|1945}}: produced under license as Kulomet vz. 43 from 1953.[11]
  • {{flag|Egypt}}: built under license[12] Used SG-43 and SGM.{{sfn|Smith|1969|p=613}}
  • {{flag|Finland}}: used during World War II in limited numbers [13]
  • {{flag|Georgia}}[14]
  • {{flag|East Germany}}: SG-43 and SGM{{sfn|Smith|1969|p=381}}
  • {{flagicon|Hungary|1949}} Hungary[15]: SG-43 and KGK variant[16]
  • {{flag|Indonesia}}:{{sfn|Smith|1969|p=461}} used by Mobile Indonesian Police Brigade (BRIMOB){{cn|date=August 2018}}
  • {{flag|Iran}}: SGM variant.{{cn|date=August 2018}}
  • {{flag|Iraq}}: SGM variant[17][18]
  • {{flag|Libya|1977}}: SGM variant[19]
  • {{flag|Mali}}: SG-43, SGM, Type 53[20] and Type 57 variants[21]
  • {{flag|Mongolia}}{{cn|date=August 2018}}
  • {{flag|North Korea}}: used during the Korean War.[2]
  • {{flag|North Vietnam}}: SG-43, Type 53, SGM and Type 57 variants used during the Vietnam war by the NVA[22] and the Vietcong[23]
  • {{flagicon|Palestine}} Palestine Liberation Organisation[24]
  • {{flag|Poland}}: SG-43{{sfn|Smith|1969|p=526}}
  • {{flagicon|Romania|1952}} Romania: SG-43 and SGM{{sfn|Smith|1969|p=533}}
  • {{flag|Somalia}}{{sfn|Small Arms Survey 2012|p=338}}
  • {{flag|Soviet Union}}: SG-43 and SGM were still in service in the late 1960s{{sfn|Smith|1969|p=606}}
  • {{flag|Syria}}[25]
  • {{flag|Tanzania}}[26]
  • {{flag|Yemen}}[27]
  • {{flag|Zimbabwe}}[28]

See also

  • List of Russian weaponry

References

1. ^Советская военная энциклопедия. / ред. Н.В. Огарков. том 2. М., Воениздат, 1976. стр.617
2. ^1 {{cite book |last=Edwards |first=Paul M. |title=The Korean War |publisher=Greenwood Press |year=2006 |location=Westport, CT |page=77 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xA34hGXAjlIC&pg=PA77 |isbn=0-313-33248-7}}
3. ^Small Arms Identification and Operation Guide--Eurasian Communist Countries, Defense Intelligence Agency/United States Army Materiel Command ST-HB-07-03-74, p. 324
4. ^{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=1ZNxDwAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA535#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History|edition= 2nd |editor-first1=Spencer C. |editor-last1=Tucker|editor-first2=Paul G., Jr.|editor-last2= Pierpaoli|page=535|volume=1. A-L|chapter=Machine guns|isbn=978-1-85109-849-1|publisher=ABC-CLIO|url=https://www.abc-clio.com/ABC-CLIOCorporate/product.aspx?pc=A1645C|first=Jeff|last=Kinard}}
5. ^Wright, Lawrence, The Looming Tower, Vintage Books (2006), {{ISBN|978-1-4000-3084-2}}, p. 134
6. ^{{cite book|title=The War in Afghanistan 1979-1989: The Soviet Empire at High Tide|first=David C.|last=Isby|publisher= Concord Publications |date=1990|page=13|isbn=978-9623610094}}
7. ^{{cite book|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/publications/by-type/yearbook/small-arms-survey-2007.html|chapter-url= http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2007/en/full/Small-Arms-Survey-2007-Chapter-06-EN.pdf|chapter=Armed Violence in Burundi: Conflict and Post-Conflict Bujumbura|title=The Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2007|author=Small Arms Survey|page=204|isbn=978-0-521-88039-8}}
8. ^https://sites.google.com/site/worldinventory/wiw_africa/https-sites-google-com-site-worldinventory-wiw_af_centralafricanrepublic
9. ^{{cite book|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/publications/by-type/yearbook/small-arms-survey-2003.html|chapter-url= http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2003/en/Small-Arms-Survey-2003-Chapter-08-EN.pdf|chapter=Making the Difference?: Weapon Collection and Small Arms Availability in the Republic of Congo|title=Small Arms Survey 2003: Development Denied|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2003|author=Small Arms Survey|pages=274|isbn=0199251754}}
10. ^1 {{cite book|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2015/eng/Small-Arms-Survey-2015-Highlights-EN.pdf|chapter-url= http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2015/eng/Small-Arms-Survey-2015-Chapter-07-EN.pdf|chapter=Waning Cohesion: The Rise and Fall of the FDLR–FOCA|title=Small Arms Survey 2015: weapons and the world|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2015|author=Small Arms Survey|ref={{harvid|Small Arms Survey 2015}}|page=202}}
11. ^{{cite web|title=Gorjunov SG 43|language=cs|url=http://www.vhu.cz/exhibit/gorjunov-sg-43/|website=vhu.cz|publisher={{ill|Vojenský historický ústav Praha|cs}}}}
12. ^{{cite book |last=Laffin |first=John |title=Arab armies of the Middle East wars, 1948-73 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |year=1982 |location=|page=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ysulBklR7usC&pg=PA15 |edition=Illustrated |isbn=0-85045-451-4}}
13. ^{{cite book |last=Jowett |first=Philip |title=Finland at War 1939-45 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |year=2006 |location=|page=50 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p58vtOKyVy8C&pg=PA50 |edition=Illustrated |isbn=1-84176-969-X}}
14. ^https://matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/114010
15. ^{{cite book|title=The Hungarian Revolution 1956|series=Elite 148|publisher=Osprey Publishing|first1= Erwin |last1=Schmidl|first2= László |last2=Ritter|date=10 Nov 2006|isbn=9781846030796|page=45}}
16. ^{{cite book |last1=Lugosi |first1=József |editor1-first=József |editor1-last=Lugosi |editor2-first=György |editor2-last=Markó |title=Hazánk dicsőségére: 160 éves a Magyar Honvédség |year=2008 |publisher=Zrínyi Kiadó|location=Budapest |language=|isbn=978-963-327-461-3 |page=383 |chapter=Gyalogsági fegyverek 1868–2008}}
17. ^{{cite book|title=Armies of the Gulf War|series= Elite 45 |first= Gordon L.|last= Rottman|date=1993|isbn= 9781855322776|publisher=Osprey Publishing|page=49}}
18. ^{{cite book|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/publications/by-type/yearbook/small-arms-survey-2012.html|chapter-url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2012/eng/Small-Arms-Survey-2012-Chapter-10-EN.pdf|chapter=Surveying the Battlefield: Illicit Arms In Afghanistan, Iraq, and Somalia|title=Small Arms Survey 2012: Moving Targets|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2012|author=Small Arms Survey|page=321|isbn= 978-0-521-19714-4|ref={{harvid|Small Arms Survey 2012}}}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/site/worldinventory/wiw_africa/wiw_af_libya|title=World Infantry Weapons: Libya|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005200329/https://sites.google.com/site/worldinventory/wiw_africa/wiw_af_libya|archive-date=5 October 2016}}
20. ^{{cite news|title=Armée malienne : le difficile inventaire |date=18 June 2013|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/170176/politique/arm-e-malienne-le-difficile-inventaire/|first=Laurent|last=Touchard|work=Jeune Afrique|language=fr}}
21. ^{{cite article|title=Enduring engagement yes, episodic engagement no: lessons for SOF from Mali|hdl=10945/38996|last=Powelson|first= Simon J.|publisher=Naval postgraduate school|place= Monterey, California|date=December 2013|page=24|url=http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a620360.pdf}}
22. ^{{cite book|title=North Vietnamese Army Soldier 1958–75|series=Warrior 135|first=Gordon L. |last=Rottman|date= 10 Feb 2009|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=9781846033711|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iC21CwAAQBAJ|page=31}}
23. ^http://www.nam-valka.cz/zbrane/sg-43.html
24. ^{{cite book|title=Technicals: Non-Standard Tactical Vehicles from the Great Toyota War to modern Special Forces|series=New Vanguard 257|first= Leigh|last= Neville|date=19 Apr 2018 |isbn=9781472822512|publisher=Osprey Publishing|page=4|url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=mGlPDwAAQBAJ|ref=harv}}
25. ^{{cite book|title=Inside Israel's Northern Command: The Yom Kippur War on the Syrian Border|editor-first1= Dani|editor-last1= Asher|series=Foreign Military Studies|date= 2014|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|jstor=j.ctt19jcgzg |pages=130, 462|url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=cGJzCwAAQBAJ}}
26. ^https://sites.google.com/site/worldinventory/https-sites-google-com-site-worldinventory-wiw_af_tanzania
27. ^{{cite web|title=WWII weapons in Yemen’s civil war|url=https://wwiiafterwwii.wordpress.com/2018/09/09/wwii-weapons-in-yemens-civil-war/|website=wwiiafterwwii.wordpress.com|date=September 9, 2018}}{{Self-published source}}
28. ^{{Citation |title=Headquarters 1 Brigade (Brady Barracks) |year=2010 |type=Gate Exhibit |publisher=Zimbabwe National Army |location=Bulawayo, Zimbabwe}}
  • {{cite book|last=Smith|first=Joseph E.|title=Small Arms of the World|edition =11|location=Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|publisher= The Stackpole Company|year=1969|ref=harv}}

External links

{{Commons category}}
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20060212210549/http://world.guns.ru/machine/mg35-e.htm Goryunov SG-43 and SGM]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20060217024612/http://www.rt66.com/~korteng/SmallArms/mghvrus2.htm 7.62mm Goryunov Heavy Machine Gun]
  • 7.62mm Goryunov Heavy Machine Gun, SG43 – Walk around photos
{{Soviet infantry weapons of World War II}}

6 : 7.62×54mmR machine guns|Medium machine guns|World War II machine guns|World War II infantry weapons of the Soviet Union|Machine guns of the Soviet Union|Infantry weapons of the Cold War
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