| 词条 | Shahrud, Iran |
| 释义 |
|official_name =Shahrud |native_name =شاهرود |settlement_type = City |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |mapsize =150px |pushpin_map =Iran |coordinates = {{coord|36|25|05|N|54|58|35|E|region:IR|display=inline,title}} |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{flag|Iran}} |subdivision_type1 =Province |subdivision_type2 =County |subdivision_type3 =Bakhsh |subdivision_name1 =Semnan Province |subdivision_name2 =Shahrud |subdivision_name3 =Central |established_title = |established_date = |leader_title =Mayor |leader_name =Hassan Mirfani |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = |elevation_m = 1345 |population_as_of = 2016 Census |population_urban =150,129 [1] |population_metro = |population_est = |population_est_as_of = |population_density_km2 =auto |area_code =+9823 |website =http://shahrood.ostan-sm.ir/ |footnotes = |timezone = IRST |utc_offset = +3:30 |timezone_DST = IRDT |utc_offset_DST = +4:30 }} Shahrud[2] ({{lang-fa|شاهرود}}, also Romanized as Shâhrūd, Shahrood, and Shahroud; also known as Shârūd) is a city and capital of Shahrud County, Semnan Province, Iran. Situated about an altitude of 4413 ft (1345 m), it is located at latitude 36°25'N, longitude 055°01'E. Now, it is the largest city of Semnan Province and also its county has same position in the province. The main launch site of the Iranian Space Agency is near Shahrud. It is also well-known for unique types of grapes which are cultivated specially in Shahrud. Consequently, Shahroud is known as the City of Grapes. GeographySome 410 kilometers to the east of Tehran, halfway between the capital and Mashad, and at the junction with the Gorgan road, sits the modern city of Shahrud, which has grown to absorb the historic town of Bastam situated in the hills a few kilometers to the north. From the north, it is surrounded by the Alborz mountains, and from the south by the arid salty deserts. The river of Tash, after crossing this town, reaches the south deserts. The weather on the mountainous areas is cold and it is somewhat temperate in other parts of the city. Shahrud is located in the Damghan basin, a sub-basin of the Kavir basin which also contains the Great Salt Desert. ClimateShahrud has a cold desert climate (Köppen climate classification BSk) with hot summers and cool winters. Precipitation is very low, and mostly falls in winter and spring. {{Weather box |location = Shahrud |single line = Yes |metric first = Yes |Jan record high C = 19.0 |Feb record high C = 20.0 |Mar record high C = 29.0 |Apr record high C = 31.4 |May record high C = 36.0 |Jun record high C = 39.0 |Jul record high C = 42.0 |Aug record high C = 42.0 |Sep record high C = 37.0 |Oct record high C = 32.0 |Nov record high C = 24.0 |Dec record high C = 19.2 |Jan high C = 5.8 |Feb high C = 8.4 |Mar high C = 14.3 |Apr high C = 21.1 |May high C = 26.5 |Jun high C = 31.3 |Jul high C = 33.5 |Aug high C = 32.4 |Sep high C = 29.2 |Oct high C = 22.3 |Nov high C = 15.1 |Dec high C = 8.2 |Jan mean C = 1.0 |Feb mean C = 3.4 |Mar mean C = 8.6 |Apr mean C = 15.1 |May mean C = 20.3 |Jun mean C = 25.0 |Jul mean C = 27.3 |Aug mean C = 26.0 |Sep mean C = 22.1 |Oct mean C = 15.3 |Nov mean C = 9.0 |Dec mean C = 3.1 |Jan low C = -3.6 |Feb low C = -1.9 |Mar low C = 2.5 |Apr low C = 7.9 |May low C = 12.7 |Jun low C = 17.1 |Jul low C = 20.0 |Aug low C = 18.5 |Sep low C = 14.0 |Oct low C = 8.0 |Nov low C = 2.6 |Dec low C = -1.5 |Jan record low C = −14.0 |Feb record low C = -14.0 |Mar record low C = −8.8 |Apr record low C = -7.0 |May record low C = -1.0 |Jun record low C = 6.0 |Jul record low C = 10.0 |Aug record low C = 8.0 |Sep record low C = 2.0 |Oct record low C = -3.0 |Nov record low C = −10.0 |Dec record low C = −11.0 |Jan precipitation mm = 28.6 |Feb precipitation mm = 19.3 |Mar precipitation mm = 28.0 |Apr precipitation mm = 23.7 |May precipitation mm = 21.5 |Jun precipitation mm = 3.9 |Jul precipitation mm = 1.5 |Aug precipitation mm = 1.8 |Sep precipitation mm = 2.3 |Oct precipitation mm = 7.9 |Nov precipitation mm = 9.4 |Dec precipitation mm = 19.8 |Jan sun = 167.5 |Feb sun = 174.4 |Mar sun = 212.1 |Apr sun = 230.3 |May sun = 279.2 |Jun sun = 330.1 |Jul sun = 340.4 |Aug sun = 337.4 |Sep sun = 294.8 |Oct sun = 252.2 |Nov sun = 205.9 |Dec sun = 170.3 |Jan rain days = 7.1 |Feb rain days = 6.8 |Mar rain days = 8.3 |Apr rain days = 8.2 |May rain days = 9.1 |Jun rain days = 3.6 |Jul rain days = 1.8 |Aug rain days = 1.5 |Sep rain days = 1.9 |Oct rain days = 4.8 |Nov rain days = 4.5 |Dec rain days = 6.0 |Jan snow days = 4.2 |Feb snow days = 3.1 |Mar snow days = 1.3 |Apr snow days = 0.2 |May snow days = 0 |Jun snow days = 0 |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 0 |Oct snow days = 0 |Nov snow days = 0.3 |Dec snow days = 2.6 |Jan humidity = 65 |Feb humidity = 59 |Mar humidity = 51 |Apr humidity = 45 |May humidity = 42 |Jun humidity = 37 |Jul humidity = 36 |Aug humidity = 37 |Sep humidity = 39 |Oct humidity = 48 |Nov humidity = 52 |Dec humidity = 64 |source 1 = NOAA (1961–1990) [3] |date=November 2011 }} HistoryIn 2006, traces of a prehistoric, 8,000-year-old settlements were found in Shahrud. This is the pre-historical site of Deh Kheyr, Semnan, located in Shahrud Plain, 15 kilometers from the city of Shahrud. The discoveries included ovens, craft workshops, and other evidence of settlements. Archeological excavations in different parts of Shahrud Plain indicate the existence of villages in this area during 7-5 millennium BC.[4] As a modern city, the city of Shahrud was merely a village before the reign of Fath Ali Shah of the Qajar dynasty, with two old castles and a small farm named "Shabdary". The surrounding areas however, such as Biarjomand, Miami and Bastam do have a distant history. The old town of Bastam is located 6 kilometers north of Shahrood. Its pre-Islamic history is not clear, but according to some historians, it was built during Shapur II period (310-379 CE). During the Abbasid era, it was the second largest town (following Damghan) in the Qomis province. The town was visited by Nasser Khosrow Qubadiani, the Iranian poet of the 12th century, and mentioned by him as the center of the Qomis province. Bastam declined during the Mongol era assaults, and Shahrud eventually took its place. AttractionsShahrud’s geographical location is varied, with cloud forests in the north and from the south it meets the central desert of Iran. The most interesting geographical and historical attractions of Shahrud are as follows:
Notable people
The first president of Shahrood University
Higher education
References1. ^https://www.amar.org.ir/english 2. ^{{GEOnet3|-3062042}} 3. ^{{cite web |url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-II/IR/40739.TXT |title = Shahroud Climate Normals 1961–1990 |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |accessdate = December 28, 2012}} 4. ^Traces of Prehistoric Civilization Discovered in Shahrud (2006) External links{{Portal|Iran}}{{Commons category|Shahroud}}
3 : Populated places in Shahrud County|Cities in Semnan Province|Shahrud, Iran |
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