| 词条 | Erastus Fairbanks |
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|name= Erastus Fairbanks |image=Erastus Fairbanks.jpg |caption= Erastus Fairbanks |order1= 21st |office1= Governor of Vermont |term_start1= October 1852 |term_end1= October 1853 |lieutenant1= William C. Kittredge |predecessor1= Charles K. Williams |successor1= John S. Robinson |office3= Member of the Vermont House of Representatives |term3= 1836–1838 |birth_date= {{birth date|1792|10|28|mf=y}} |birth_place= Brimfield, Massachusetts |death_date= {{death date and age|1864|11|20|1792|10|28|mf=y}} |death_place=St. Johnsbury, Vermont |spouse=Lois Crossman |children=Horace Fairbanks, Franklin Fairbanks, Ellen Fairbanks, Emily Fairbanks, Jane Fairbanks, George Fairbanks, Sarah Fairbanks, Charles Fairbanks, Julia Fairbanks |profession= manufacturer / politician |party= Whig |footnotes= |order2=26th |office2= Governor of Vermont |term_start2= October 12, 1860 |term_end2= October 11, 1861 |lieutenant2= Levi Underwood |predecessor2= Hiland Hall |successor2=Frederick Holbrook |signature=ErastusFairbanks signature.svg }} Erastus Fairbanks (October 28, 1792 – November 20, 1864) was an American manufacturer, Whig politician, a founder of the Republican Party, and the 21st and 26th Governor of Vermont. BiographyFairbanks was born in Brimfield, Massachusetts to Phebe (Paddock) Fairbanks (1760–1853) and Joseph Fairbanks (1763–1846). Ephraim Paddock, the brother of Phebe Paddock, was his uncle.[1] He studied law but abandoned it for mercantile pursuits, and operated a store in Wheelock, Vermont. He married Lois Crossman (1792–1866) on May 30, 1815.[2] The couple had nine children.[3] CareerFinally settling in St. Johnsbury, Vermont, in 1824, Fairbanks formed a partnership, E. & T. Fairbanks & Co., with his brother Thaddeus for the manufacture of scales, stoves and plows. Thaddeus Fairbanks later invented the first platform scale, which made it possible to calculate the weight of farm products and other goods shipped by wagon and railroad car; the device proved so successful that the renamed Fairbanks Scales company became the largest employer in the state.{{cn|date=July 2017}} The Fairbanks family was involved in numerous charitable and civic endeavors throughout St. Johnsbury and the surrounding towns, including the 1842 founding of St. Johnsbury Academy.[4] Fairbanks was a member of the Vermont House of Representatives from 1836 to 1838. He was President of the Passumpsic Railroad, which completed a line from White River to St. Johnsbury in 1850. He was a Presidential Elector for Vermont in 1844 and 1848. Fairbanks was elected the 21st Governor of Vermont in 1851 and served from 1852 to 1853. During this term, a law was passed forbidding the sale or traffic of intoxicating beverages. The law was not repealed until 1902.[3] Fairbanks was one of the founders of the Republican Party, and a delegate from Vermont to the first Republican National Convention in 1856.{{cn|date=July 2017}} He was 26th Governor of Vermont from 1860 to 1861. During his second term he rendered valuable aid in the equipment and dispatch of troops in the early days of the American Civil War. Family lifeWith his brothers Thaddeus and Joseph P., he founded St. Johnsbury Academy. He was the father of Horace Fairbanks and Franklin Fairbanks.[2] DeathFairbanks was a Congregationalist. He died in St. Johnsbury, Caledonia County, Vermont, on November 20, 1864 (age 72 years, 23 days). He is interred at Mt. Pleasant Cemetery, St. Johnsbury, Vermont. References1. ^{{cite book |last=Childs |first=Hamilton |date=1887 |title=Gazetteer of Caledonia and Essex Counties, Vt. 1764-1887 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GkcjAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA85 |location=Syracuse, NY |publisher=Syracuse Journal Company |page=84 |ref={{sfnRef|Gazetteer of Caledonia and Essex Counties, Vt. 1764-1887}}}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|title=Erastus Fairbanks|url=http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/faalevao-fairbanks.html#791.00.17|publisher=The Political Graveyard|accessdate=7 November 2012}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|title=Erastus Fairbanks|url=http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_vermont/col2-content/main-content-list/title_fairbanks_erastus.html|publisher=National Governors Association|accessdate=7 November 2012}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.stjacademy.org/theacademy/history |title=Our History |website=stjacademy.org |publisher=St. Johnsbury Academy |location=St. Johnsbury, VT |access-date=April 5, 2018}}
Further reading
External links{{Commons category|Erastus Fairbanks}}
14 : 1792 births|1864 deaths|People from Brimfield, Massachusetts|People from St. Johnsbury, Vermont|American businesspeople|Governors of Vermont|Members of the Vermont House of Representatives|People of Vermont in the American Civil War|Vermont Whigs|Vermont Republicans|Union state governors|Whig Party state governors of the United States|19th-century American politicians|Republican Party state governors of the United States |
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