| 词条 | Shem Tov ben Abraham ibn Gaon |
| 释义 |
Shem Tov ben Abraham ibn Gaon (1283-ca. 1330) (Hebrew: שם טוב בן אברהם אבן גאון) was a Spanish Talmudist and kabbalist. BiographyShem Tov was born at Soria, Spain. From his genealogy given in the preface to his Keter Shem Tov, Azulai[1] concluded that "Gaon" must have been the proper name of one of Shem Tov's ancestors. Zunz[2] and Geiger[3] however, suppose "Gaon" to be the Hebrew transliteration of "Jaén", indicating that Shem Tov's family originally came from that Spanish city.[4] After he had studied Talmud under Solomon ben Adret and Kabbala under Isaac ben Todros (RIBaT, which is the abbreviation of "R. Joseph b. Tobiah", David Conforte declares in his Ḳore ha-Dorot, p. 24b), Shem Tov betook himself to Palestine in the hope of finding in the Holy Land a more suitable place for kabbalistic meditation. He sojourned for some time in Jerusalem, and then settled at Safed.[4] WorksAt Safed Shem Tov wrote the following works,[4] of which only the first two have been published:
Keter Shem TovThe Keter-Shem Tov is a supercommentary on and continuation of Nahmanides' commentary (particularly on the kabalistic part) on the Pentateuch, from whose interpretations those of Shem Tov differ in many places. Shem Tov says in his preface that at first he had entitled his work "Sitre Setarim", and that he then revised it and gave it the title "Keter Shem Tov", the work having been completed at Safed in 1315. Isaac ben Samuel of Acre, in his Me'irat 'Enayim, violently attacks the Keter Shem Tov, saying that most of the author's theories are not those of the older cabalists, but are simply his own inventions. This work is printed at the end of Judah Koriat's Ma'or va-Shemesh,[10] where it is entitled Perush Sodot ha-Torah; and the preface has been published in Jehiel Ashkenazi's Hekal Adonai[11] under the title Perush Liḳḳuṭim.[4] In a manuscript containing piyyutim of various liturgists, there is one written by a Shem Tov b. Abraham, whom L. Dukes[12] supposes to be identical with the subject of this article. But Dukes seems to have distinguished between Shem Tov b. Abraham and Shem Tov of Soria, the author of the Sefer ha-Pe'er. On the other hand, Conforte (l.c.) confusing Shem Tov b. Abraham with Shem Tov Ardotial, wrongly ascribes to the former the viddui recited on Yom Kippur in the Musaf prayer.[4] The following works are erroneously attributed to Shem Tov b. Abraham ibn Gaon by Wolf[13] and by other bibliographers: Keter Shem Tov (Venice, 1601), a collection of sermons, and Ma'amar Mordekai (Constantinople, 1585), a commentary on Book of Esther, the author of both works being Shem Tov Melammed; also a kabbalistic treatise by an unknown author on the crowns ("taggin") of the letters.[4] References1. ^Shem ha-Gedolim, 2, s.v. Keter Shem Tov === Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography ===2. ^in his Zeitschrift für die Wissenschaft des Judenthums, p. 137 3. ^Jüd. Zeit. 5:397 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 Jewish Encyclopedia, Shem-Tob ben Abraham ibn Gaon 5. ^Shalshelet ha-Ḳabbalah, p. 45b, Amsterdam, 1697 6. ^Leghorn, 1839 7. ^Parma MS. No. 68, 8 8. ^Catalogue of Hebrew MSS. in the Vatican Library, No. 235 9. ^section "Yesodei ha-Torah", ch. 1 10. ^Leghorn, 1839 11. ^Venice, n.d. 12. ^Orient, Lit. vi. 147 et seq. 13. ^Bibl. Hebr. iii., No. 2152
7 : 1283 births|1330s deaths|14th-century rabbis|Spanish rabbis|Kabbalists|Rabbis in Safed|Medieval Castilian Jews |
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