| 词条 | Shia crescent |
| 释义 |
The Shia Crescent (or Shiite Crescent) is the notionally crescent-shaped region of the Middle East where the majority population is Shia or where there is a strong Shia minority in the population. The corresponding term is especially common in German, where it is known as Schiitischer Halbmond ("Shia Halfmoon").[1] Overview{{Quote box|quote = If it was a Shia-led Iraq that had a special relationship with Iran, and you look at that relationship with Syria and with Hezbollah-Lebanon, then we have this new crescent that appears that would be very destabilising for the Gulf countries and actually for the whole region. |source = Abdullah II of Jordan, Hardball, NBC News.[2] |align = right |width = 25% |quoted = 1 }} The term was coined in 2004 by King Abdullah II of Jordan at a time when Iran was reportedly interfering in Iraq in the run-up to the January 2005 parliamentary elections.[2] This was in the context of a threatened, later realised, boycott of the elections by Sunnis in Iraq potentially leading to a Shia-dominated government and the assumption that a Shia Iraq might fall under the influence of Shia Iran. The suggestion was that the common religion gives good potential for cooperation between Iran, Iraq, Alawite-dominated Syria and the politically powerful Shia militia Hezbollah in Lebanon; as well, the suggestion was that these others would be proxies for Iran in a regional power play.[3] The term has developed since to encompass other Shia areas of the Middle East. The nations where Shia Muslims form a dominant majority are Iran and Iraq. Shias also represent a large majority in Azerbaijan, however it is constitutionally a secular state.[4] Those who are actual practicing adherents are much lower,[5] which has led to them generally being excluded from the crescent.[6] Shia are also the majority of citizens in Bahrain, however the government is largely Sunni.[6] Large Shia minorities also exist in Lebanon, Kuwait, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India and to a lesser extent, UAE. Excepting Lebanon, where the weak central government structure of Lebanon has allowed Hezbollah to become involved in the Syrian civil war,[7] these are not usually described as part of the crescent. In 29th International Islamic Unity Conference in Tehran on December 27, 2015, Iranian President Hassan Rouhani called on Muslim countries to unite and strive to improve Islam’s public image, adding that "There is neither a Shiite nor a Sunni crescent. We have an Islamic moon. We, Muslims, are in a world where we must be united".[8] In January 2016, a confidant of Saudi Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman claimed that the Arab world was confronted "by a Shia full moon”, rather than just a Shia Crescent, as a result of the expanded activities of Iranian-backed Shia militias in countries such as Iraq, Syria and Yemen.[9] In December 2017, Mohammad Ali Jafari, the chief of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, said that "Today, armed cells of resistance have been established in Islamic countries, and small networks of resistance have been created in other countries, and we will see their influence in the future.” According to him, large forces of volunteers have joined the "anti-terror" struggle in Syria.[10] See also
References1. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.dw.de/die-hisbollah-in-der-arabischen-misstrauensfalle/a-2105961-1 |title=Die Hisbollah in der arabischen Misstrauensfalle |work=Deutsche Welle |date=23 July 2006 |language=German}} 2. ^1 {{cite AV media |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/6679774/ns/msnbc-hardball_with_chris_matthews/t/king-abdullah-ii-jordan/#.UcV3GZymV9s |title=Hardball with Chris Matthews:King Abdullah II of Jordan |work=NBC News |date=7 December 2008 |time=02:06}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A43980-2004Dec7.html |title=Iraq, Jordan See Threat To Election From Iran |work=The Washington Post |date=8 December 2004}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://files.preslib.az/projects/remz/pdf_en/atr_din.pdf |title=Religion |work=Administrative Department of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan |date=1992 |page=2}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/aj.html |title=Azerbaijan |work=CIA Factbook}} 6. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://gulf2000.columbia.edu/images/maps/Shia_Crescent_sm.jpg |title=Emerging Shia "Crescent" of Power in the Core of the Middle East |work=Gulf/2000 Project |date=2009}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2013/06/06/uk-syria-crisis-region-analysis-idUKBRE9550TO20130606 |title=Analysis - Hezbollah's Syria victory risks wider Sunni-Shi'ite conflict |work=Reuters |date=6 June 2013}} 8. ^http://www.euronews.com/2015/12/27/iran-s-rouhani-urges-muslim-countries-to-unite/ 9. ^{{cite news|title=Muhammad bin Salman gambles on intervention abroad and radical economic change at home. But forget about democracy|url=https://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21685467-muhammad-bin-salman-gambles-intervention-abroad-and-radical-economic-change-home|accessdate=14 January 2016|work=The Economist|date=9 January 2016}} 10. ^http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/238788 External links
3 : Middle East|Shia Islam|Regions of Asia |
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