| 词条 | Shimonoseki |
| 释义 |
| name = Shimonoseki | official_name = | JapaneseName = 下関市 | settlement_type = Core city | image_skyline = Route9 Ends Shimonoseki stn.JPG | imagesize = | image_caption = Downtown Shimonoseki | image_flag = Flag of Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi.png | image_map = Shimonoseki in Yamaguchi Prefecture Ja.svg |pushpin_map = Japan Yamaguchi Prefecture#Japan | coordinates = {{coord|33|57|N|130|56|E|region:JP-35|display=it}} | region = Chūgoku (San'yō) | prefecture = Yamaguchi Prefecture | district = | mayor = Shintaro Maeda (since 2017) | area_km2 = 716.14 | population = 265,684 | population_as_of = October 1, 2016 | density_km2 = auto | tree = Camphor Laurel | flower = Crinum asiaticum | bird = | city_hall_address = 1-1 Nanbu, Shimonoseki-shi, Yamaguchi-ken | city_hall_postal_code = 750-8521 | website = {{URL|www.city.shimonoseki.lg.jp}} }}{{nihongo|Shimonoseki|下関市|Shimonoseki-shi}} is a city located in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. Shimonoseki is the biggest city in Yamaguchi Prefecture. It is at the southwestern tip of Honshu, facing the Tsushima Strait and also Kitakyushu across the Kanmon Straits. Nicknamed the "Fugu Capital," it is known for the locally caught pufferfish and is the largest harvester of the pufferfish in Japan. As of October 1, 2016, the city has an estimated population of 265,684 and a population density of 370 persons per km². The total area is 716.14 km². HistoryThe Heike and Genji fought at Dan-no-ura near the present Kanmonkyo Bridge. The city prior to 1902 was commonly known as {{nihongo||馬關|Bakan}} and formally {{nihongo||赤間關|Akamagaseki}}.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}} On February 13, 2005, Shimonoseki absorbed the towns of Hōhoku, Kikugawa, Toyota and Toyoura (all from Toyoura District) to create the new and expanded city of Shimonseki. Since October 1, 2005, the city has been designated as a core city by the Japanese Government.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}} The geographical position of Shimonoseki has given it historical importance, especially with the Bombardment of Shimonoseki in 1864 and the Treaty of Shimonoseki, where a defeated China handed over Taiwan, Penghu, and Port Arthur to the victorious Japanese in 1895. An Imperial decree in July 1899 established Shimonoseki as an open port for trading with the United States and the United Kingdom.[1] On January 7, 2006, the wooden station building at Shimonoseki station, which had dated back to 1942, was destroyed in a fire, the cause of which is suspected to be arson.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}} ClimateShimonoseki has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) with hot summers and cool winters. Precipitation is significant throughout the year, but is heavier in summer. {{Weather box|width=auto|location = Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi |single line = Y |metric first = Y |Jan high C = 8.5 |Feb high C = 9.0 |Mar high C = 12.3 |Apr high C = 17.4 |May high C = 21.5 |Jun high C = 24.7 |Jul high C = 28.8 |Aug high C = 30.3 |Sep high C = 26.8 |Oct high C = 21.8 |Nov high C = 16.6 |Dec high C = 11.4 |Jan mean C = 5.8 |Feb mean C = 6.0 |Mar mean C = 8.9 |Apr mean C = 13.7 |May mean C = 17.8 |Jun mean C = 21.3 |Jul mean C = 25.6 |Aug mean C = 27.0 |Sep mean C = 23.5 |Oct mean C = 18.3 |Nov mean C = 13.3 |Dec mean C = 8.5 |Jan low C = 3.4 |Feb low C = 3.5 |Mar low C = 5.9 |Apr low C = 10.6 |May low C = 14.8 |Jun low C = 18.7 |Jul low C = 23.3 |Aug low C = 24.6 |Sep low C = 20.8 |Oct low C = 15.4 |Nov low C = 10.5 |Dec low C = 5.9 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 73.5 |Feb precipitation mm = 76.8 |Mar precipitation mm = 108.5 |Apr precipitation mm = 158.4 |May precipitation mm = 161.3 |Jun precipitation mm = 278.5 |Jul precipitation mm = 264.2 |Aug precipitation mm = 126.8 |Sep precipitation mm = 179.7 |Oct precipitation mm = 95.1 |Nov precipitation mm = 78.7 |Dec precipitation mm = 58.2 |Jan snow cm = 5 |Feb snow cm = 5 |Mar snow cm = 1 |Apr snow cm = 0 |May snow cm = 0 |Jun snow cm = 0 |Jul snow cm = 0 |Aug snow cm = 0 |Sep snow cm = 0 |Oct snow cm = 0 |Nov snow cm = 0 |Dec snow cm = 1 |Jan humidity = 65 |Feb humidity = 66 |Mar humidity = 68 |Apr humidity = 73 |May humidity = 75 |Jun humidity = 80 |Jul humidity = 82 |Aug humidity = 78 |Sep humidity = 76 |Oct humidity = 70 |Nov humidity = 69 |Dec humidity = 66 |Jan sun = 89.7 |Feb sun = 106.1 |Mar sun = 165.9 |Apr sun = 176.0 |May sun = 200.7 |Jun sun = 159.0 |Jul sun = 183.0 |Aug sun = 213.2 |Sep sun = 164.4 |Oct sun = 177.6 |Nov sun = 132.2 |Dec sun = 100.0 |source 1 = NOAA (1961-1990)[2] |date=January 2013}} EconomyMajor companies and institutes
TransportationFerries from Shimonoseki Port International Terminal
Trains
BusesRegular bus services are provided by Sanden Kohtsu, as well as by group companies of Sanden Kohtsu.
RoadsExpressway
Bypasses
National Highways
AirportsShimonoseki is served by four airports outside the city.
EducationUniversities and colleges
Primary and secondary schools{{expand section|date=October 2015}}The city has a North Korean school, {{Nihongo|Yamaguchi Korean Elementary and Junior High School|山口朝鮮初中級学校}}.[4] It formerly housed two other North Korean schools, Yamaguchi Korean High School and Shimonoseki Korean Elementary and Junior High School|下関朝鮮初中級学校}}.[5] As a city of a quarter million people, it has some public schools too.[6][7] CultureRegional specialties
Specialty products
FestivalsShimonoseki is home to many festivals that are held throughout the year. Of these, the most famous are Shimonoseki Kaikyo Festival and Shimonoseki Bakan Festival.
Architecture
Museums
SportsProfessional Teams
Sporting venues
Crime and safetyThe Goda-ikka yakuza syndicate is headquartered in Shimonoseki. A designated yakuza group, the Goda-ikka is the largest yakuza syndicate in Yamaguchi Prefecture.[8] Twin citiesShimonoseki has one Japanese and six international sister cities:[9]
Notable people{{see also|Category:People from Shimonoseki}}
References1. ^US Department of State. (1906). [https://books.google.com/books?id=dKCOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA759&dq= A digest of international law as embodied in diplomatic discussions, treaties and other international agreements (John Bassett Moore, ed.), Vol. 5, p. 759]. 2. ^{{cite web |url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-II/JP/47762.TXT |title = Shimonoseki Climate Normals 1961-1990 |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |accessdate = January 6, 2013}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.orientferry.co.jp/schedule/OFsuspension.pdf|script-title=ja:オリエントフェリー運航一時休止について（お知らせ）|publisher=|deadurl=bot: unknown|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207030804/http://www.orientferry.co.jp/schedule/OFsuspension.pdf|archivedate=2016-02-07|df=}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.chongryon.com/j/cr/link3.html |script-title=ja:ウリハッキョ一覧 |publisher=Chongryon |accessdate=October 14, 2015}} ([https://www.webcitation.org/6cGktqdmJ?url=http://www.chongryon.com/j/cr/link3.html Archive]). 5. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.webcitation.org/6cHKwmz4m?url=http://web.archive.org/web/20051106010302/http://www.chongryon.com/j/cr/link3.html |script-title=ja:ウリハッキョ一覧 |publisher=Chongryon |date=November 6, 2005 |accessdate=October 15, 2015}} 6. ^http://kam.edu.city.shimonoseki.yamaguchi.jp/~kyouiku/下関市内小中学校/ list of elementary and junior high schools 7. ^http://www.shimosho.ed.jp/wordpress/ Shimonoseki Commercial High School 8. ^"The 7th President announces the succession, The Goda-ikka, The Prefectural Police on red alert", 21 October 2009, Yamaguchi Shimbun {{Ja icon}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www2.city.shimonoseki.yamaguchi.jp/www/contents/1180694927874/html/common/465ff9ec008.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-06-16 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516080748/http://www2.city.shimonoseki.yamaguchi.jp/www/contents/1180694927874/html/common/465ff9ec008.html |archivedate=2013-05-16 |df= }} External links{{Commons category|Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi}}
4 : Shimonoseki|Cities in Yamaguchi Prefecture|Port settlements in Japan|Populated coastal places in Japan |
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