| 词条 | Shingle beach |
| 释义 |
A shingle beach (also referred to as rocky beach or pebble beach) is a beach which is armoured with pebbles or small- to medium-sized cobbles (as opposed to fine sand). Typically, the stone composition may grade from characteristic sizes ranging from {{convert|2|to|200|mm|in|1}} diameter. While this beach landform is most commonly found in Europe, examples are found in Bahrain, North America and in a number of other world regions, such as the east coast of New Zealand's South Island, where they are associated with the shingle fans of braided rivers. Though created at shorelines, post-glacial rebound can raise shingle beaches as high as {{convert|200|m|ft}} above sea level, at the High Coast in Sweden. The ecosystems formed by this unique association of rock and sand allow colonization by a variety of rare and endangered species.[1] FormationShingle beaches are typically steep, because the waves easily flow through the coarse, porous surface of the beach, decreasing the effect of backwash erosion and increasing the formation of sediment into a steeply sloping beach.[2] TourismShingle beaches are often criticized as undesirable for visitors. Canterbury City Council notes that the nearby shingle beach at Whitstable is uncomfortable to walk and lie on.[3] Also, at least one advertiser has doctored an image of a shingle beach with sand in promotional material.[4] However, shingle beaches are popular among rock collectors for the varying rock types that can be found. Notable shingle beaches worldwide{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
See also
References1. ^UK's rare shingle beaches at risk, Alex Kirby, BBC News Online, June 3, 2003 2. ^Easterbrook, Don J. Surface Processes and Landforms. 1999 Prentice-Hall Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/main.cfm?objectid=1195 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-06-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124005821/http://canterbury.gov.uk/main.cfm?objectid=1195 |archivedate=2011-01-24 |df= }} 4. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.eastbourneherald.co.uk/news/local-news/sandy_shore_replaces_pebbles_on_the_beach_1_2739122 | title=Sandy shore replaces pebbles on the beach | publisher=Eastbourne Herald | date=6 June 2011 |accessdate = 13 November 2016}} Further reading
2 : Beaches|Coastal geography |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。